How Firefighting Gear Works

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Firefighting Gear Protective Personal Equipment

Firefighting gear body protective personal equipment refers to a variety of protective equipment used to protect the head, torso, arms, legs and feet of firefighters. Generally, it includes helmets, gloves, boots, clothing and glasses for the protection of firefighters' heads, hands, feet, bodies and eyes.

Fire Helmet

The Conception of Fire Helmet:

Fire helmets are firefighters firefighting and rescue operations wear, for the head, and the Department of the neck safety protection of personal protective equipment, in addition to radiation heat, combustion flames, electric shock, side extrusion, the main thing is to prevent the impact of falling objects and penetration.

Principle and Functional Characteristics of Fire helmet

Fire helmet by the shell, wear device, mask, cape and chin strap and other major components. Fire helmet shell should have enough strength to directly block the impact of the material, not make it through the shell, direct contact with the head.

Wear device in the space between the head and the top of the cap position constitutes an energy absorption system gas, can play a buffer against foreign impact, dispersion, absorption role, so that it is distributed as far as possible to a larger area of the head up to reduce the peak of the impact acceleration, to the head of the person can tolerate within the boundaries of the impact force. The chin strap consists of webbing and buckles, and some are also equipped with chin rests.

The webbing is made of a variety of materials and requires high strength and good heat resistance. Masks are face shields used to protect the firefighter's face from radiant heat and splash. Mask can be installed in the cap light internal up and down expansion, can also be installed in the cap shell external, the use of fastening screws and gaskets fixed storage angry shell, according to the work needs to be free to flip.

The mask is made of colourless or light-coloured transparent engineering plastic injection moulding, with good light transmission rate. Shawl is used to protect firefighters neck and face sides, so that they are protected from water and other liquids or radiant heat damage to the protective layer. It is usually made of flame retardant waterproof fabric.

Specification of Fire Helmet

Hat shell size is divided into two kinds of large and small.

Hat band size adjustment range for small size is 510-570mm, large size is 560-640mm.

The width of the lower cheek band is more than 15mm, and the adjustment range is 350-500mm.

Firefighter's Fire Fighting Protective Clothing

The Conception of Fire Fighting Protective Clothing

Firefighter firefighting protective clothing is suitable for firefighters to wear during firefighting assistance, and provides thermal protection for the upper and lower torso, head and neck, arms and legs of firefighters.

Principle and functional characteristics: firefighters firefighting protective clothing for the split structure, by the protective jacket, protective trousers.

Protective clothing is by the outer layer, waterproof and breathable layer, insulation layer, comfort layer and other multi-layer fabric composite, using the inner and outer layer removable design. Firefighters firefighting protective clothing outer layer is generally used aramid fibre fabrics, with flame-restricted performance, not affected by multiple washings, good abrasion resistance, hardness and other characteristics.

The waterproof and breathable layer is made of cotton fabric compounded with polytetrafluoroethylene film (PTFE), which has the function of waterproof and breathable. The heat-insulating layer is made of aramid fibre non-woven fabric or carbon fibre felt, which has the functions of warmth, heat insulation and flame retardant. The comfort layer is made of high-count cotton fabric, which is more comfortable to wear. Accessories include reflective tape, labels, strong inspection mark, flame retardant sewing thread, Velcro, pu tape, zips, cuffed buttons, ribbed openings and elastic bands.

Technical Performance Parameters Fire Fighting Protective Clothing

(1) Flame retardant performance of outer layer. Continued combustion time is not more than 2s, the length of damage is not more than 100mm, and no melting, dripping phenomenon.

(2) Moisture resistance of outer surface. The level of water staining is not less than 3 levels.

(3) Outer layer breaking strength. Warp, weft to dry breaking strength of not less than 650N.

(4) Tearing strength of the outer layer. Warp, weft to the tear strength of not less than 100N.

(5) Thermal stability of the outer layer. Specimen placed in the temperature (260 ± 55)℃ drying box, 5min after removal, along the warp and weft direction size change rate is not greater than 10%, no obvious changes on the surface of the specimen.

(6) Quality per unit area of outer layer. ±5% of the rated quantity provided by the fabric supplier.

(7) Colour fastness of outer layer. The colour fastness to washing is not less than grade 3, and the colour fastness to water friction is not less than grade 3.

(8) Hydrostatic pressure resistance of waterproof and vapour permeable layer. Hydrostatic pressure resistance is not less than 17kpa.

Maintenance and precautions of Fire Fighting Protective Clothing

1. Should be checked before use, found damaged, shall not be used.
2. Do not touch the open fire and hard objects with sharp corners during use.
3. It should be inspected in time after use, and should be scrapped and replaced in time if it is found damaged.
4. Neutral washing liquid should be used when washing.

Firefighting Gloves

The Conception of Firefighting Gloves

Firefighting gloves are protective equipment for firefighters for hand and wrist protection during firefighting and rescue operations.

Principle and Functional Characteristics of Firefighting Gloves

Fire gloves are made of a combination of four layers of materials: outer layer, waterproof layer, heat insulation layer and lining. Firefighting gloves are mainly designed for firefighters to resist open fire, radiant heat, water immersion, general chemicals and mechanical injuries during fire operations. The fabric of the gloves is flame retardant and able to withstand general mechanical injuries. The gloves as a whole have waterproof performance, so that the firefighter's hand can move flexibly and comfortably. The combination of the various layers of the gloves has a certain degree of thermal protection, providing overall thermal protection for the firefighter's hand.

Firefighting gloves are split-finger type, except for the body of the glove, it is allowed to have a cuff. When firefighters wear gloves for fire fighting operations, as the first layer of gloves, the outer layer of high-temperature resistant flame retardant fabrics first of all on the heat radiation for the initial resistance, while high-strength fabrics can play a wear-resistant, tear-resistant, cut-resistant and anti-puncture role, to protect the inner structure from damage to the second layer of waterproofing layer, to prevent, to a certain extent, the transfer of water in the surrounding environment or chemical liquids to the inner layer of the third layer of thermal insulation layer The third layer is the heat insulation layer, which mainly isolates most of the heat and prevents the burn of the skin on the hand by high temperature heat. The fourth layer is the lining, which is both flame retardant and sweat-absorbent, and improves the comfort of the wearer.

Technical Performance Parameters:

Flame retardant performance. Gloves and cuffs outer material and heat insulation layer of the length of the destruction of the material is not greater than 100mm, the time of renewed combustion and the time of negative combustion is not greater than 2.0s, and there is no melting, dripping phenomenon. No melting and dripping of the lining material.

Heat resistance. The whole glove and lining in the specified test temperature to maintain 5min, glove surface without significant changes, and no melting, detachment and burning phenomenon, the shrinkage rate in line with the provisions.

Wear resistance. Glove body palm surface and the back of the outer layer of material with a particle size of 100 mesh sandpaper, under 9kpa pressure, according to the provisions of Table 3-7 times the cause of cyclic friction, can not be worn through.

Cut resistance. Glove body palm surface and the back of the outer material of the minimum cutting force in line with the provisions of Table 3-8.

Waterproof performance. Gloves waterproof layer and its seams in the hydrostatic pressure of 7kpa after keeping 5min, in line with relevant regulations.

Maintenance and Precautions of Firefighting Gloves

Washing: Fire gloves can be washed with water, use neutral detergent, dry after washing or drying with a dryer. If drying, the drying temperature should not exceed 60℃.

Repair: If the original structure of the fire gloves is damaged due to abrasion, tearing, burning or chemical erosion, the special fabrics and high temperature resistant sewing threads provided by the original manufacturer should be used to repair the gloves, and other untested fabrics should not be used arbitrarily to avoid danger.

Storage: Fire gloves should be placed in a ventilated F dry room, try to avoid prolonged exposure to the sun, is strictly prohibited and chemicals stored together, the carton should be placed on a wooden board or shelf when the whole box is stored to prevent moisture deterioration.

Firefighters Protective Boots

The Conception of Firefighting Boots

Firefighter firefighting protective boots are firefighters in firefighting and disaster relief used to protect the feet and lower legs from flooding, external damage and radiation heat and other factors such as injuries to the protective boots. Firefighters firefighting protective boots are usually rubber boots, and leather boots are also used in the cold northern regions.

Principle and Functional Characteristics of Firefighting Boots
Firefighters fire-fighting protective boots using multi-layer structural design, the main colour is black, with yellow strips, along the strip and so on. In order to increase the anti-smash performance of the toe of the boots, there is a steel cladding layer in the toe of the boots, and the protective outer layer, comfort layer and lining layer are set on both sides of the upper and lower sides of the steel cladding layer. In order to improve the puncture resistance, insulation and heat insulation of the boot sole, the boot sole is equipped with a steel midsole layer, and insulating layer, comfort layer and lining layer are set up on the upper and lower sides of the steel midsole layer, and at the same time, in order to increase the skid resistance of the boot sole, the outsole adopts the non-slip design.

Technical Performance Parameters Firefighting Boots

1.Quality. Each pair is not more than 3kg.
2.Oil resistance performance. 1 # standard oil immersed in 24h, the volume change rate in the range of -2% -+10%.
3. Acid and alkali resistance. In the acid and alkali solution after immersion (70 ± 2) h, physical and mechanical properties without significant changes.
4. Anti-smash performance. Boots were 10.78kN static pressure test and impact hammer quality of 23kg, falling height of 300mm after the test, the height of the gap are not less than 15mm.
5. Anti-puncture performance. The anti-puncture force of the boot sole is not less than 1100N.
6. Anti-cutting performance. By the total weight of 800g of the cutter head cutting is not cut through.
7. Electrical insulation performance. Breakdown voltage is not less than 5000V, and the leakage current is less than 3mA.
8. Heat insulation performance. The temperature rise of the inner surface of the boot sole after heating for 30min is not more than 22℃.

Maintenance and Precautions of Firefighting Boots

The wearer should understand the main properties and scope of application of firefighter protective boots when in use.

Before use, they should check whether the firefighters' fire-fighting protective rubber boots are in good condition, e.g. whether the upper of the boots are damaged and whether the soles of the boots have been punctured.

In use, firefighters should try to avoid direct contact between firefighters' protective rubber boots and flames, molten materials and sharp objects to prevent damage to the ring.
After each use, they should be rinsed with water, washed and placed in a cool, ventilated place to dry, and not allowed to be directly exposed to the sun.

Strictly prohibited for use in electrified places, concentrated acid and alkali and other strong corrosive chemicals exist in the place of use. Firefighters fire protection boots should be stored in the temperature -10 ~ +40 ℃, relative humidity of less than 75%, well-ventilated warehouse, should be stored from the ground and walls more than 200mm. Distance from the heat source is not less than lmo Avoid direct sunlight, rain and moisture. Cannot be subjected to pressure and contact with corrosive chemicals and various oils. Every three months should be inverted random inspection.

Different Kinds of Fire Rescue Clothing

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