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Uyidinga Nini i-SCBA vs. SAR?

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Emagesi anobuthi, intuthu eminyene, ukuntuleka komoyampilo kanye nokunye ukusebenza kanye nendawo ephuthumayo, ukuvikela ukuphefumula kuyindlela yokuqala yokuvikela ukuphepha kwempilo, futhi ukukhetha imishini efanele kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuthobela imininingwane. I-positive pressure air respirator kanye ne-long tube respirator zivame ukusetshenziswa okokuvikela umoya, lesi sihloko sizoqeda umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwalezi zimo ezimbili nezisebenzayo, sikufundise ukukhetha okunembile.

YiniII-SCBA?

I-Positive pressure air breathing device iyisisetshenziswa esiyinhloko sokuvikela ukuphefumula esimweni esiphuthumayo sezimboni kanye nokuhlenga umlilo, ngohlelo oluzimele lokuhlinzeka komoya, iba isiqinisekiso sokuphepha endaweni enobungozi obukhulu, futhi iyisigaba esiyinhloko semishini ye-SCBA yokulwa nomlilo.

Isebenza kanjani i-SCBA

Umthombo wokunikezwa komoya weI-SCBAiyisilinda esinengcindezi ephezulu ethwelwe umsebenzisi, lapho kugcinwa khona umoya ocindezelwe ngokuhambisana nezinga, futhi umoya wokucindezela okuphezulu ulungiselwe ukucindezela okufanele ngokusebenzisa isinciphisi sokucindezela, i-valve yokuhambisa umoya nezinye izingxenye ukuze uqhubeke nokuhlinzeka umsebenzisi umoya ophefumulayo. Isethi yonke yemishini izimele ngokuphelele endaweni ezungezile, ayithinteki ekubunjweni komoya nomoya-mpilo, njalo idala indawo yokuphefumula ephephile yomsebenzisi.

I-SCBA ukhiyeizici

1. Isistimu yokuhambisa umoya ephathekayo: Amasilinda aphezulu ahlanganiswe ne-mask yokuphefumula, i-back brace nezinye izingxenye, futhi isethi yonke ingagqokwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinye izinto zangaphandle, ezivumelanisa nezidingo zokusebenza kweselula.
2. Ukuhamba okuqinile: azikho izithiyo zamapayipi zangaphandle, abasebenzisi bangahamba ngokukhululeka, okuyinzuzo eyinhloko ezimeni zokuhlenga eziphuthumayo.
3. Ukuvikelwa okuphelele kobuso: ngesivikelo esikhethekile sobuso obugcwele, hhayi nje ukuhlukanisa amagesi ayingozi kanye nomusi, kodwa futhi nokuvikela ubuso ezinhlayiyeni kanye nama-splashes.
4. Isikhathi esilawulekayo sokuhlinzekwa kwegesi: isikhathi esisebenzayo sokuhlinzekwa kwegesi kwemishini evamile yimizuzu engama-30-60, futhi amasilinda okucindezela okukhulu kwamandla ahlukene angakhethwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokusebenza.

I-SCBA cizimo zohlelo lokusebenza ommon

Njengemishini eyinhloko yesistimu ye-SCBA yezimboni kanye nokulwa nomlilo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kugxile engozini enkulu, ukusebenza kungazelelwe kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo:

Imisebenzi yokucisha umlilo: ukwenza ukulwa nomlilo kanye nokuhlenga abasebenzi endaweni enentuthu eminyene nomlilo ovulekile, nokumelana namagesi anobuthi nayingozi kanye nemvelo engenawo umoya-mpilo omncane edalwa ukusha.
Ukulahlwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kwamakhemikhali ayingozi: Ukusabela ekuvuzeni kwegesi enobuthi, ukuqhuma kwamakhemikhali nezinye izingozi ezingalindelekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuphefumula kwabasebenzi bokulahla.
Ukuhlenga endaweni evalekile: Ukungena endaweni engenawo umoya-mpilo noma endaweni evalekile efana namathangi okugcina, imigodi engaphansi komhlaba neziqukathi ezivaliwe ukuze wenze imisebenzi yokuhlenga.
Ukuphatha izingozi zasembonini: ukuxazulula izimo eziphuthumayo njengokuvuza kwemishini yasefekthri, ukuqhuma kweshabhu, njll., ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kokuphefumula kwabasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo.

YiniInge-SAR?

Umshini wokuphefumula wamashubhu omude, obuye ubizwe nge-air-supply long tube respirator, uwuhlobo oluyisisekelo lwesistimu yokuphefumula yamashubhu amade. Ngezici zokunikezwa komoya okuqhubekayo, isiphenduke imishini yokuvikela ukuphefumula kweshubhu elide elisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile emsebenzini wenqubo yezimboni, ofanele isikhathi eside kanye nezidingo zokusebenza zokuvikela indawo engaguquki.

Kanjani SAR Iyasebenza

I-SAR ayinawo umthombo ozimele wokunikezela komoya ophathwayo, umoya wayo ophefumulayo ulethwa ngepayipi elikhethekile, umkhawulo owodwa walo oxhunywe kudivayisi yokuhambisa umoya ekude, njenge-compressor yomoya, isethi ye-cylinder high-pressure set, njll. Ngemva kokuhlunga nokucindezeleka, umoya ohlanzekile futhi ophefumulayo ulethwa kumsebenzisi ngepayipi ukuze afinyelele umoya oqhubekayo.

Ukhiye we-SAR izici

1. Ukunikezwa komoya okuqhubekayo nokuzinzile: ngokuthembela kumthombo wokunikezela komoya okude, ingakwazi ukubona ukuhlinzekwa komoya okungaphazamiseki futhi ihlangabezane ngokugcwele nezidingo zokuphefumula zokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside.
2. Isisindo esilula: Abasebenzisi badinga kuphela ukugqoka imaski yokuphefumula kanye nepayipi yokuxhuma, asikho isidingo sokuthwala amasilinda aphezulu, isisindo somzimba siyancipha kakhulu, futhi ukukhathala kokusebenza kuphansi.
3. Ivumelana nezimo ezilawulwayo: Ukusebenza kahle kwedivayisi kuncike ekuzinzeni komthombo wokuphakelwa komoya kanye nokuqapha kwendawo yokusebenza, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu izimo zokusebenza lapho ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kuqedwe khona kusenesikhathi.
4. Ukusebenza okulula nokugcinwa okulula: azikho izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi zokucindezela okuphezulu, ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke nokugcinwa kudinga kuphela ukunaka ukubekwa uphawu kwe-hose kanye nesimo sokusebenza somthombo wokuhambisa umoya, ngakho umkhawulo wokusebenza uphansi.

I-SAR cOmmon Izimo Isicelo

Njengomshini ojwayelekile wokuvikela wezimboni, ukusetshenziswa kwawo kugxile ezimeni ezilawulwayo, zesikhathi eside zokusebenza kwezimboni:

Imisebenzi yokufafaza ezimbonini: ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, ukukhiqizwa kwefenisha nezinye izimboni, ukufutha ngopende, imisebenzi yokubhaka, ukuhlukaniswa kwenkungu kapende kanye negesi yemfucuza yemvelo eguqukayo.
Ukusebenza kwe-sandblasting kanye nokwehlisa: imisebenzi ye-sandblasting ekucubungulweni kwemikhumbi nezakhiwo zensimbi, ukuvimbela uthuli ukuthi lungene emgudwini wokuphefumula futhi lubangele ukulimala.
Ukukhiqizwa nokucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali: ukusebenza kwesimiso se-workshop yamakhemikhali, ukudluliswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ngokumelene nokuhlushwa okuphansi kwamagesi anobuthi nayingozi ku-workshop.
Ukulungiswa kabusha nokugcinwa kwemishini: ukulungiswa kwansuku zonke kwazo zonke izinhlobo zamathangi okugcina namapayipi emafektri, ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kokuphefumula esakhiweni sokuphothula ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kusenesikhathi.

I-SCBA ne-SAR: Ukuqhathanisa Komehluko Oyinhloko

I-positive pressure air respirator kanye nomehluko omude we-tube respirator core ibonakala kumodi yokuphakelwa komoya, ukusetshenziswa kokuguquguquka, njll., lo mehluko unquma ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zimo ezimbili, umehluko othize umi kanje:

Umthombo wokunikezwa komoya:I-SCBAiyisilinda esinengcindezi ephezulu ethwelwe umsebenzisi, esizimele ngokuphelele; I-SAR iyiremothi ye-compressor yomoya noma iqembu le-cylinder eliphakathi nendawo, elithembele emishinini yokuhambisa umoya yangaphandle. l Ukuhamba: I-SCBA iyisilinda esinengcindezi ephezulu ethwelwe umsebenzisi, ezimele ngokuphelele.
Ukuhamba: I-SCBA ayiboshiwe yipayipi, ihamba kakhulu, futhi ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokusebenza kweselula endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi; I-SAR inqunyelwe ubude bepayipi lokuhambisa komoya, enobubanzi obulinganiselwe bokunyakaza, futhi ingasebenza kuphela endaweni embozwe ipayipi. l Isikhathi sokusebenza: I-SCBA iyisilinda esinengcindezi ephezulu ethwelwe umsebenzisi, ezimele ngokuphelele.
Isikhathi sokusebenza: I-SCBA inqunyelwe umthamo we-cylinder yegesi, isikhathi esisebenzayo sokusebenza imizuzu engu-30-60; I-SAR ingasekela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside amahora ambalwa ngokunikezwa kwegesi okuqhubekayo.
Izimo Ezisebenzayo: I-SCBA isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukulahlwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nezindawo ezingaziwa ezinobungozi obukhulu, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwangaphambili kwemvelo, kuyilapho i-SAR ifaneleka emisebenzini elawulwayo yezimboni lapho ukuqapha kwemvelo kuqedwa kusenesikhathi futhi ukugxilwa kokungcola kuzinzile.

I-SCBA yakhelwe ukulahlwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nezindawo ezingaziwa ezinobungozi obukhulu, kuyilapho i-SAR ifaneleka kakhulu ukusebenza kwezimboni zesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinzile nezilawulwayo, futhi lezi ezimbili zakha ukuvikelwa okuhambisanayo kwezimo ezihlukahlukene.

Kufanele Usebenzise Nini I-SCBA?

Ukunikezwa komoya okuzimele kwe-SCBA nezici zokuhamba okuphezulu kuyenza kube ukuphela kwenketho yezindawo ze-IDLH, futhi iyithuluzi elidingekayo lokuvikela ukuphefumula kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezimo eziphuthumayo ezingalindelekile, izimo ezithile ezisebenzayo ikakhulukazi izigaba ezine ezilandelayo:

Usongo olusheshayo empilweni nempilo yemvelo ye-IDLH

I-SCBA kumele isetshenziswe uma kunokuvuza kwegesi enobuthi, ukugcwala komoyampilo kungaphansi kuka-19.5% wendawo engenawo umoya-mpilo, noma ukugcwala kokungcola kufinyelela izinga lokusongela impilo nempilo. Kulolu hlobo lwendawo, noma iziphi izinto ezivikelayo ezithembele emoyeni wesizinda noma ipayipi langaphandle azikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, futhi isistimu ezimele ye-SCBA yokuphakelwa komoya ingahlukanisa ngokuyisisekelo isistimu yokuphakelwa komoya eyingozi.

Umlilofukukhanya futhismokefngigulaaindawo

Indawo yomlilo izokhiqiza inani elikhulu lamagesi avuthayo anobuthi njenge-carbon monoxide, i-hydrogen sulfide, njll., futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, intuthu eminyene izonciphisa ukubonakala futhi idle umoya-mpilo, okuyindawo evamile eyingozi enkulu engaziwa. Lapho izicishamlilo zingena shi endaweni yesehlakalo ukuze zicime futhi zihlenge, ukugqoka izinto ze-SCBA zokucima umlilo zingakwazi ukuthola umoya ohlanzekile ngokuqhubekayo, zigweme ukuhogela amagesi anobuthi kanye nokuphefumulelwa umoya ngenxa yokuntuleka komoyampilo.

Imisebenzi yokutakula ezindaweni ezikhawulelwe

Amathangi okugcina, amakholvethi angaphansi komhlaba, ama-silo avaliwe nezinye izikhala ezivinjiwe zivame ukuba ne-oksijini eyanele, amagesi anobuthi namagesi ayingozi aqoqana, futhi indawo yangaphakathi yendawo iyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuqedela ukuqapha okuphelele kwemvelo kusengaphambili. Lapho kwenziwa ukuhlenga ezindaweni ezivinjelwe, ukusetshenziswa kweizinhlelo ze-SCBA zezimboniingavumela izisebenzi zokuhlenga ukuthi zihambe ngokukhululeka, kuyilapho zingathinteki esimweni somoya esibi esikhaleni.

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimo zezimo eziphuthumayo

Ibhizinisi lamakhemikhali ukuvuza kwegesi enobuthi, ukuqhuma kwemishini yemishini, ukuvuza kwemoto ethwala amakhemikhali eyingozi nezinye izimo eziphuthumayo, indawo yesigameko ayilindelekile, ukugcwala kokungcola, okuqukethwe komoyampilo kungashintsha noma nini. Ngemva kokuba abasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo befika endaweni yesigameko, badinga ukugqoka i-SCBA ngesikhathi sokuqala ukuze benze umsebenzi wokulahla, ukuvikela ukuphepha kwabo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, baqedele ukusebenza okuphuthumayo ngokuphumelelayo.

Kufanele Usebenzise Nini I-SI-AR?

Ukunikezwa komoya okuqhubekayo nezici ezingasindi nezisebenziseka kalula ze-SCBA ziyenza ibe into ekhethwayo yokuvikela yokusebenza kwenjwayelo yezimboni, ikakhulukazi efanelekile isikhathi eside, imisebenzi elawulwa endaweni engashintshi, enezigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo zezimo ezithile ezisebenzayo:

Ukusebenza kwezimboni isikhathi eside

Ukuqhunyiswa kwesihlabathi nokususwa kokugqwala, ukufafaza kwezimboni, ukusebenza okuqhubekayo endaweni yokusebenzela yamakhemikhali, njll., ubude bokusebenza okukodwa ngokuvamile amahora ambalwa, futhi ubude bokunikezwa komoya kwe-SCBA abukwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo, kuyilapho uhlelo olude lwe-tube respirator lukwazi ukubona ukutholakala komoya okuqhubekayo, futhi ngomklamo wokugqoka ongasindi, lunganciphisa kakhulu umthwalo womzimba womqhubi, futhi luthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza.

Indawo elawulwayo endaweni yokusebenza

Ama-tube respirators amade afaneleka ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho ukuqapha kwemvelo kungaqedwa khona ngemishini yobuchwepheshe ngaphambi kokusebenza, lapho uhlobo nokugxila kokungcola kucacile, nalapho ukugxila kokungcola kuhlala kuzinzile futhi akushintshi ngokuzumayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Kulolu hlobo lwemvelo, asikho isidingo sokuthembela ekuhlinzekeni komoya okuzimele kwe-SCBA, futhi i-tube respirator ende ingaqinisekisa umphumela wokuvikela ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zokusetshenziswa nokugcinwa kwemishini.

Izindawo Zokusebenzela Ezigxilile noma Ezinomkhawulo

Endaweni yokusebenza elinganiselwe njengezindawo zokusebenzela ezithize kuma-workshops, izimbobo zokulungisa ezingaguquki zamathangi okugcina, izindawo zokucubungula ezingaguquki zezakhiwo zensimbi, njll., uhla lomsebenzi wama-opharetha lulinganiselwe, futhi ipayipi lokuhambisa umoya lingakwazi ukuvala ngokuphelele indawo yokusebenza, ukuze kungabikho izithiyo zamapayipi ezithinta umsebenzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-tube respirator ende kulolu hlobo lwesigcawu akuhlangabezani nezidingo zokuvikela kuphela, kodwa futhi nokusebenza okulula.

Indlela Yokukhetha Isistimu Yokuphefumula Elungile

Umnyombo wokukhetha i-SCBA noma i-tube respirator ende ukuhlanganisa imvelo esendaweni, izidingo zokusebenza kanye nokwahlulela okuphelele, ukugwema izingozi zokuphepha ezibangelwa ukukhetha okungalungile, kodwa futhi nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwemishini, isidingo esiqondile sokucabangela izici ezinhlanu ezibalulekile, kuyilapho ulandela izimiso ezicacile zokukhetha.

Izici Eziyinhloko Okufanele Zicatshangelwe

1. Izinga eliyingozi kanye nekhwalithi yomoya: uma imvelo ye-IDLH enobungozi obukhulu, imvelo engcolile engaziwa, ibeka phambili i-SCBA, uma iyindawo enobungozi obuncane, ukugxila okungcolile okuzinzile kwendawo elawulwayo, ungakhetha i-tube respirator ende.
2. I-ambient oxygen concentration:I-SCBAkufanele isetshenziswe ezindaweni ezingenawo umoya-mpilo lapho ukuhlushwa komoyampilo kungaphansi kuka-19.5%, nasezindaweni lapho ukuhlushwa komoyampilo kujwayelekile, i-SCBA ingakhethwa ngokuvumelana nezinye izimo.
3. Ubude besikhathi sokusebenza: Uma ubude bokusebenza okukodwa budlula imizuzu engama-60, i-tube respirator ende iyakhethwa. Ngokusebenza okuphuthumayo kwesikhathi esifushane (imizuzu engama-30-60), i-SCBA ifaneleka kakhulu. 4.
4. Izidingo zokuhamba komsebenzisi: uma udinga ukuhamba ngokukhululeka futhi indawo yendawo yokusebenza iyinkimbinkimbi, khetha i-SCBA; uma indawo yokusebenza ilungisiwe futhi ububanzi bokunyakaza bulinganiselwe, khetha i-tube respirator ende.
5. Ukucatshangelwa Kokuphunyuka Kwesimo Esiphuthumayo: Uma kunengozi yezingozi ezingazelelwe endaweni yokusebenza futhi ukubaleka okuphuthumayo kudinga ukunyakaza okusheshayo, khetha i-SCBA; uma indawo yokusebenza izinzile futhi indlela yokuphunyuka icacile, khetha i-tube respirator ende.

Ithiphu Yesinqumo

Uma indawo yokusebenza ingaziwa ingcuphe noma isimo sobungozi obukhulu, khetha i-SCBA ngqo. Uma kuwumsebenzi wezimboni isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwendawo ezinzile futhi elawulekayo, khetha i-SAR ukuze uhlangabezane nesidingo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesisetshenziswa olukhethayo, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zikazwelonke, nokuthi ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa okuvamile kuyaqedwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okokusebenza kusesimweni esifanele.

I-SCBA ne-SAR njengezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemishini yokuvikela ukuphefumula ehlinzekwa ngomoya, nakuba isimiso sokuvikela sihlukile, sisebenza ezimeni ezahlukene, kodwa siwukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, ukuhlenga izimo eziphuthumayo ukuze kuvikelwe ukuphepha kokuphefumula kwabasebenzi kwempahla eyinhloko, eyodwa ibalulekile.

Kumabhizinisi nabasebenzi, ukwahlulela okunembile kwendawo yokusebenza, ubude besikhathi nezidingo zeselula, khetha okokusebenza okufanele kokuvikela ukuphefumula, ukuvikela ukuphepha, ukuthobela umthetho, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokhiye. Lapho ukhetha, ungahlanganisa indlela yokukhetha kulesi sihloko, ngokuya ngesimo sangempela, ukwakha ukuvikela okuqinile kokuphepha.

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