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Isizathu esiphezulu sokuthi kungani kufanele ube ne-SCBA endaweni yakho yokusebenza

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Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamabhizinisi asengozini enkulu, i-SCBA ayilona neze ucezu lwesisetshenziswa ozikhethele sona; kunalokho, kuyingxenye ewumnyombo yohlelo lokuphepha emsebenzini kanye nesidingo esibalulekile sokuhambisana nemithetho neziqondiso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusezimweni eziphuthumayo zomlilo, ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali, noma ukusebenza komkhathi ovalekile, lapho isimo esiphuthumayo senzeke kungazelelwe, ukuthi izisebenzi zingaphefumula ngokuphephile yini kunquma ngokuqondile izinga labantu abalimalayo.

Yini i-SCBA

I-SCBA iwuhlobo lwemishini yokuvikela ukuphefumula engancikile emoyeni osendaweni. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko iwukuthi ikwazi ukunikeza umsebenzisi umthombo womoya ophefumulayo ozimele, okumenza akwazi ukugqashula ekuncikeni emkhathini ozungezile. Izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa izingxenye ezinhlanu ezibalulekile, futhi ingxenye ngayinye isebenza ndawonye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuvikela:

Isilinda: Igcina umoya ohlanzekile onengcindezi ephezulu. Ngokuya ngempahla, ingahlukaniswa njengamasilinda e-carbon fibre noma amasilinda ensimbi. Eyangaphambili ayisindi futhi imelana nokugqwala, kuyilapho yakamuva inikeza ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko kanye nokuqina.
Isilawuli: Sehlisa umoya onomfutho ophezulu kusilinda segesi ukuya kungcindezi yokuphefumula efanelekile, kuyilapho izinza ukugeleza komoya okukhiphayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphefumula okushelelayo.
Ubuso: Ilingana eduze nobuso, ivimba amagesi anobuthi nayingozi avela ngaphandle. Ifakwe ama-lens acacile ukuze ibonakale kahle kanye nama-valve okuphefumula akhululekile. Amanye amamodeli abuye abe nezindawo zokuxhumana.
Ukubopha: Isilinda segesi, isinciphisi somfutho nezinye izakhi ziboshelwe ngokuvikelekile emhlane womsebenzisi. Idizayini iyi-ergonomic, iqinisekisa ukulingana okunethezekile nokunyakaza okuvumelana nezimo.
I-alamu: Uma ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwesilinda segesi kwehla ngaphansi komkhawulo wokuphepha, kuzokhala i-alamu ezwakalayo nebonakalayo, ixwayise umsebenzisi ukuthi aphume endaweni eyingozi ngokushesha.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zokuba ne-SCBA Endaweni Yakho Yokusebenzela

IyahlomisaI-SCBA ethobelayo ejwayelekileakunikezeli nje kuphela isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokuphepha kwezimpilo zabasebenzi, kodwa futhi kusiza amabhizinisi agweme izingozi ezingokomthetho futhi athuthukise amakhono azo okuphendula izimo eziphuthumayo. Kuwutshalomali olubalulekile lwezokuphepha ezimbonini ezisengozini enkulu.

Ukuphendula kuzimo ze-IDLH ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwempilo

Izimo eziphuthumayo ezibeka engcupheni impilo noma impilo (IDLH) zibhekisela ezimeni lapho ukugcwala komoyampilo kungaphansi kuka-19.5%, futhi ukugcwala kwamagesi anobuthi noma ayingozi kwanele ukuze kubangele ngokushesha ukufa noma ukulimala okukhulu kwezempilo, njengentuthu yomlilo, ukuvuza kwegesi enobuthi, ukuqhuma kwamakhemikhali, njll. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuphefumula emoyeni ongcolile kungangcoliswa. Nokho, i-SCBA inganikeza ukuvikelwa kokuphefumula okuqhubekayo nokuphephile kubasebenzisi ngomthombo wayo womoya ohlanzekile, okubavumela isikhathi esanele sokwenza umsebenzi noma ukuphuma endaweni eyingozi.

Ezingozini zokuvuza kwegesi enobuthi emabhizinisini amakhemikhali, abasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo abagqoke i-SCBA bangakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokuvala amavalvu nokuxhuma ukuvuza endaweni ewumgogodla wokuvuza. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzi abangenayo i-SCBA bangalinda kuphela ebangeni eliphephile futhi baphuthelwe ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuphatha. Ukukhetha i-SCBA ethobelana namazinga e-NFPA 1981 kungathuthukisa ukuthembeka kokuvikela ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu. Imikhiqizo efanelekile ingabonwa ku-I-SCBA yezinga lezimboniingxenye yomkhiqizo we-JIUPAI.

Imishini ebalulekile yokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo zomlilo

Isici esiyingozi kakhulu sendawo yomlilo akuwona amalangabi ngokwawo, kodwa intuthu ewugqinsi, i-carbon monoxide, i-cyanide namanye amagesi anobuthi nayingozi akhiqizwa ukusha. La magesi ngokuvamile ayimbangela eyinhloko yezingozi. I-SCBA inganikeza ukuvikeleka kokuphefumula okukodwa kwabacimi bomlilo besimo esiphuthumayo, ibenze bakwazi ukuqhuba imisebenzi yokucisha umlilo kanye nemisebenzi yokusesha nokuhlenga abasebenzi ezindaweni ezigcwele intuthu ewugqinsi, inciphisa kakhulu izingozi zokuhogela intuthu kanye nokulimala kokuphefumula.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izisebenzi zokuzithandela zangaphakathi zezicishamlilo zebhizinisi noma ithimba labahlengikazi abaqeqeshiwe, i-SCBA iyithuluzi elibalulekile elibalulekile. I-SCBA eqondene nomlilo we-JIUPAI isebenzisa amasilinda e-carbon fibre enamandla amakhulu, anempilo yebhethri engafika kumaminithi angu-60. Iphinde ifakwe imaski elwa nenkungu namadivayisi e-alamu asebenzayo, aqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabacimi bomlilo.

Ukuqinisekiswa Kokuphepha Komsebenzi Ezikhaleni Ezivalekile

Amathangi okugcina, amahubhe, izisele, imisele yamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba nezinye izindawo ezivalekile yizindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu bokuphepha emsebenzini. Lezi zikhala zivame ukuba nezinkinga ezifana ne-oxygen eyanele kanye nokunqwabelana kwamagesi anobuthi (njenge-hydrogen sulfide ne-methane), kanye nezimo ezimbi zokungenisa umoya, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi ukungcola kuhlakazeke. Lapho usebenza ezindaweni ezivalekile, ukugqoka i-SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi, njengoba inganikeza abasebenzi umoya ophefumulayo ozinzile nohlanzekile futhi ivimbele izingozi zokuphepha ezibangelwa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo noma ubuthi obuvela emagesi anobuthi.

Ukuvikela igesi enobuthi

Ezimbonini ezinjengobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, i-petroleum, ezemithi, namalabhorethri, izinto ezingcolisa umoya ezinobuthi neziyingozi zivame ukuba khona emsebenzini.， kuhlanganise ne-formaldehyde， benzene， igesi ye-chlorine， igesi ammonia， njll. Uma ukugxila kwalokhu kungcola kweqa umkhawulo ophephile， zingadala umonakalo omkhulu ohlelweni lokuphefumula kanye nesimiso sezinzwa zomzimba womuntu， futhi kube usongo ekuphileni. I-SCBA ingahlukanisa ngokuphelele ukungcola kwangaphandle futhi inikeze umthombo womoya ophefumulayo kubaqhubi， ukuvimbela ngokuyisisekelo ukuhogela kwamagesi anobuthi.

Ngezimo zomsebenzi ezinobuthi obuphezulu,I-SCBA ekhethekile ye-JIUPAI elwa nobuthiingafakwa imaski ezinikele kanye nevalve yokukhipha umoya, ithuthukise ukusebenza kokuvala. Ukwengeza, isilinda segesi singakhethwa ngamakhono ahlukene ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzi, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesikhathi sokusebenza esihlukene.

Sekela imizamo yokuhlenga izimo eziphuthumayo

Ezingozini ezinkulu zezinhlekelele ezifana nokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqhuma kwezimboni, nemililo emikhulu, indawo esendaweni ivamise ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ibe nezingozi eziningi zokuphepha ezingaba khona, njengokuwa kwezakhiwo, ukuvuza kwegesi enobuthi, nomoya-mpilo owanele. I-SCBA inganikeza izisebenzi zokuhlenga isivikelo esiphephile sokuphefumula, okubenza bakwazi ukungena endaweni eyinhloko yenhlekelele ukuze benze imisebenzi efana nokusesha nokuhlenga abasebenzi, ukudlulisa abalimele, nophenyo lwezinhlekelele, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuhlenga kanye nezinga lokuphumelela.

Endaweni yengozi yokuqhuma kwezimboni, izisebenzi zokuhlenga ezigqoke i-SCBA zingakwazi ukucinga abantu abavaleleke endaweni egcwele amagesi anobuthi neziyingozi kanye nothuli, banikeze usizo olufika ngesikhathi kwabalimele. II-SCBA eqondene nezimo eziphuthumayoye-JIUPAI ifaka idizayini egqokwa ngokushesha, eyivumela ukuthi igqoke phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-30. Iphinde ifakwe isixhumi esibonakalayo esiyisilinda, esinganweba impilo yebhethri futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zemisebenzi yokuhlenga yesikhathi eside.

Yehlisa izingozi zezempilo zesikhathi eside

Kwezinye izimo zomsebenzi, abasebenzi bangase bachayeke othulini, intuthu noma izinhlayiya ezinobuthi neziyingozi ezingagxili kakhulu isikhathi eside. Nakuba lezi zinto zingabangeli ubuthi obunzima ngesikhathi esifushane, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kwandisa ingozi ye-bronchitis engapheli, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, i-pneumoconiosis nezinye izifo. I-SCBA ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngempumelelo lokhu kungcola, yehlise umthamo wesikhathi eside wokuchayeka wabasebenzi, futhi yehlise ngokuyisisekelo ingozi yezifo ezingelapheki emsebenzini.

Izimo Zokusebenza ze-SCBA Ezimbonini Ezihlukahlukene

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-SCBA luhlanganisa izimboni eziningi ezinobungozi obukhulu. Izimo zokusebenza nezici zobungozi ezimbonini ezihlukene zihlukile, futhi isidingo se-SCBA siyahlukahluka.

Umnyango wezomlilo kanye nemboni yezimo eziphuthumayo

Izimo zokufaka izicelo ze-SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) zomnyango wezomlilo ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa ukucisha umlilo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomlilo, ukusesha nokuhlenga abasebenzi, kanye nophenyo lwezinhlekelele. Kuphinde kubandakanye ukusabela okuphuthumayo kwezehlakalo ezinjengokuvuza kwamakhemikhali nokuqhuma, ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikela ukuphefumula okuphephile kwabasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo abangaphambili.

Imboni ye-petroleum, igesi yemvelo kanye ne-petrochemical

Ezimbonini zikawoyela negesi kanye nezimboni ze-petrochemical, i-SCBA isetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini efana nokukhipha indawo kawoyela, ukugcinwa kwamapayipi okuthutha uwoyela negesi, nokugcinwa kwezindawo ze-petrochemical. Futhi iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuvikela izimo eziphuthumayo ezimweni ezinjengokuvuza kwegesi enobuthi, futhi lifanele izindawo zokusebenza ezinokhahlo ezinamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokugqwala okuphezulu kulezi zimboni.

Imboni Yokwakha Nokudiliza

Embonini yokwakha nokudiliza, i-SCBA isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukubhidliza izakhiwo, ukwakhiwa kobunjiniyela obungaphansi komhlaba, kanye nokusebenza ezindaweni ezivalekile njengamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokumba. Ingakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokuphumelelayo uthuli nokumosha umhwamuko wamakhemikhali okhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza, iqinisekise ukuphepha kokuphefumula kwabasebenzi bokwakha.

Imboni yezimayini

Isicelo se-SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) embonini yezimayini sihlanganisa izimo ezifana nokusebenza kwezimayini ngaphansi komhlaba, ukusabela okuphuthumayo emililweni yezimayini, ukuvikelwa kokuvuza kwegesi, nokuhlenga ngaphansi komhlaba. Ifanele indawo ekhethekile yezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezijwayele ukuvutha nokuqhuma, ezihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kokuphepha kokuphila kwabavukuzi kanye nabasebenzi bokuhlenga.

Imboni yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali

Embonini yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali, i-SCBA ivamise ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini efana nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali aluhlaza, ukuhlanzwa kwamathangi okugcina amakhemikhali, nokugcinwa kwemishini yamakhemikhali. Ingakwazi futhi ukubhekana nezimo ezingazelelwe njengokuvuza kwegesi enobuthi futhi ihlukanise ngempumelelo imihwamuko yamakhemikhali anobuthi ehlukahlukene, iqinisekise ukuphepha kwabasebenzi.

Ithimba lokusebenza ezindaweni ezivalekile

Izimo zezicelo ze-SCBA zethimba elisebenza endaweni evalekile zibandakanya ukuhlanzwa kwethangi, ukwakhiwa komhubhe, ukunakekelwa komsele wamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba, nokuhlolwa komgqomo wokugcina, njll. Ingabhekana nezingozi ezifana nokuntuleka komoya-mpilo kanye nokunqwabelana kwamagesi anobuthi ezindaweni ezivalekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idivayisi yayo ye-alamu ingaxwayisa ngokushesha ukunikezwa kwegesi esele, iqinisekise ukukhishwa okuphephile kwabasebenzi bokusebenza.

Ungayikhetha Kanjani I-SCBA Elungile Yendawo Yakho Yokusebenzela

Ukukhetha i-SCBA efanele kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuvikeleka okusebenzayo. Izimo zokusebenza ezihlukene zinezici ezihlukene zobungozi, ubude besikhathi sokusebenza, kanye nezidingo zabasebenzi, futhi zonke lezi zici zidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokugcwele ukuze kukhethwe i-SCBA efaneleke kakhulu.

Ubude besikhathi sokuhlinzekwa komoya

Khetha umthamo ofanele wamasilinda wegesi ngokusekelwe esikhathini sokusebenza. Amandla esilinda avamile ahlanganisa u-6.8L, 9L, kanye no-12L, futhi ubude bokusebenza busukela kumizuzu engama-30 kuye kwengama-60. Ngemisebenzi ephuthumayo yesikhashana (njengokuphuma ngokushesha, ukuvala ukuvuza kwesikhashana), umkhiqizo onobude bemizuzu engama-30-40 ungakhethwa. Emisebenzini yesikhathi eside (njengezimayini, ukuhlenga ngezinga elikhulu), umkhiqizo onesikhathi semizuzu engama-60 noma ngaphezulu kufanele kukhethwe, noma kufakwe isilinda esiyisipele. Uchungechunge lwethu lwesikhathi eside lwe-SCBA lungahlangabezana nezidingo zesikhathi sokusebenza esihlukile.

Uhlobo lwezinto ze-cylinder yegesi

Amasilinda e-SCBA ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa amasilinda e-carbon fibre namasilinda ensimbi. Zombili zinezinzuzo zazo. Amasilinda e-carbon fibre anesisindo esilula (40% -50% alula kunamasilinda ensimbi), anokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile, futhi anempilo ende yesevisi (cishe iminyaka eyi-15). Zifanele izimo lapho kudingeka khona ukugqoka isikhathi eside noma ukusebenza kweselula, njengokuhlenga umlilo kanye nemisebenzi yasemkhathini evalekile. Amasilinda ensimbi anokusebenza kahle kwezindleko okuphezulu, ukuqina okuhle, nokumelana nomthelela oqinile, futhi afanele izimo zokusebenza ezingaguquki noma amabhizinisi anesabelomali esilinganiselwe.

Ukunethezeka kokugqoka, isisindo kanye nokuhamba kahle

Abasebenzi bangadinga ukugqoka i-SCBA isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ukunethezeka nesisindo semaski kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhetha uhlelo lokusekela emuva olunomklamo we-ergonomic lungakwazi ukusabalalisa isisindo ngokuphumelelayo, ukunciphisa ukucindezela emahlombe nangemuva. Imaski kufanele ilingane nobuso eduze, ibe nokusebenza kahle kokuvala futhi ibone kahle, ukugwema ukuthikameza umbono wokusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-SCBA engasindi ingathuthukisa ukuhamba kwabasebenzi, okulungele izimo zokusebenza ezidinga ukunyakaza okuvamile, njengokuhlenga umlilo nokudilizwa kwezakhiwo.

Isitifiketi sokuhambisana

Kudingeka ukukhetha i-SCBA egunyazwe isikhungo esigunyaziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanele. Isitifiketi esivame ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke isitifiketi esijwayelekile se-NFPA 1981. Imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe kuphela ehlangabezana namazinga engaqinisekisa umphumela wokuvikela futhi isize amabhizinisi agweme izingozi ezingokomthetho. Lonke uhla lwethu lwe-SCBA luphumelele isitifiketi esigunyaziwe esishiwo ngenhla, siqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho.

Ezinye izidingo eziqondene nawe

Ngokusekelwe kuzimfuneko ezithile zendawo yokusebenza, khetha i-SCBA ngemisebenzi ehambisanayo. Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezivutha umlilo neziqhumayo (njengezimayini nezitshalo ze-petrochemical), idivayisi ye-alamu evikela ilangabi efakwe i-SCBA kufanele kukhethwe. Ezindaweni ezinethempelesha ephansi (njengokusebenza kwangaphandle ezindaweni ezibandayo), i-SCBA enomsebenzi ophikisana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kufanele ikhethwe. Ezimeni ezidinga ukuxhumana (ezifana nokuhlenga ithimba), i-SCBA enokuxhumana kungakhethwa. I-JIUPAI ingahlinzekaizinsiza ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ze-SCBA, ukuhlela izinhlelo zokuvikela okukhethekile ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zamabhizinisi.

Isiphetho

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umkhakha wezokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo zomlilo, imboni ye-petroleum ne-petrochemical, izimayini, noma ezinye izimboni ezisengozini enkulu, kufanele ufake ukucushwa okujwayelekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-SCBA ekulawuleni kwakho ukuphepha kwansuku zonke. Ngamakhono ayo okucwaninga ngomkhiqizo ochwepheshe kanye nekhono lokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo, i-JIUPAI ingakunikeza i-SCBA ethobela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezixazululo ezikhethekile zokuvikela, okuvumela wonke umsebenzi ukuba enze umsebenzi waso endaweni yokuphefumula ephephile, futhi eqinisa ulayini wokuvikela wokuphepha ukuze usebenze ngokuzinzile kwebhizinisi.

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