Izigqoko Zomlilo: Amaqhawe angabonakali ngemuva kokuphepha komlilo

I-JiU Pai ngumhlinzeki wemishini yomlilo ochwepheshe, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kwezigqoko zokuvikela umlilo ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokusebenza kwezicishamlilo. I-Fescue & helmets yomlilo akuyona nje ingxenye yegiya; Zikulayini wokuqala wokuvikela abacishimlilo, zibavikele ekushiseni, imfucumfucu ewa, izingozi zikagesi, kanye nemithelela emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kwemisebenzi. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwelulwa ezicini eziyisisekelo, imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe, izinhlelo zezwe zangempela, kanye nezinto ezintsha ze-helmet zomlilo, ngenkathi zihlola indima yazo ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zesimanje zokuphepha ngomlilo kanye nokuvela kwezidingo zokuphendula eziphuthumayo.

Ukuqonda izigqoko zokuvikela umlilo

Izigqoko zokuvikela umlilo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemishini yokuvikela izicishamlilo (i-PPE). Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwabo okungokomfanekiso, bakhonza njengezinhloso ezisebenza ngokusebenza ezibucayi ukubekezelela izimo ezimbi kakhulu.

Ukwakheka Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo

Ama-helmet omlilo we-Jiu Pai Odern akhiwa ngokujwayelekile kusuka kuma-polymers asebenza kakhulu (e.g.polycarbonate) noma ama-composites athuthukile afana ne-carbon fiber-i-thermoplastics eqinisiwe. Lezi zinto zokwakha ezilinganiselwe ukuklama okulula ngokuqina okuhlukile, okunikeza ukumelana namazinga okushisa adlula ama-500 ° C kanye nemithelela elingana nento eyi-10 kg ewela kusuka kumamitha ayi-10 awela kusuka kumitha eyi-10. Izifundo zakamuva zigqamisa ukuthi ukucekelwa phansi kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - ngisho nasezithobeni zokuzijabulisa ezingabonakali - kunganciphisa kakhulu amakhono okuvikela. Isibonelo, amagobolondo enziwe nge-umjovo yokubumba angahle abe yi-brittle ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4 yokusebenzisa, ukuyekethisa ukumunca amandla kuze kube yi-30% ngaphansi kwezimo ezinomthelela ophansi (30 j).

Izici Zokwakhiwa

Isakhiwo sikacisha umlilo sihlanganisa izingqimba eziningi zokuvikelwa:

• Igobolondo Langaphandle: I-Deblutions Debris futhi iqeda ukushisa. Amamodeli athuthukile afaka izintambo ezibonakalayo zokubonakala ezindaweni ezikhanyayo eziphansi, umhlangano we-ISO 20471 amazinga abonakalayo aphezulu.
• Usendlalelo we-Buffer: I-Abserbs Shock ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinjenge-Foam enwetshiwe (EPS) FOAM, ukusabalalisa kabusha amabutho amabutho ebanzi. Abanye abakhiqizi bazama ngoketshezi olungelona neNew-Newtonia kuleliyandla, elikhuni umthelela ekunikezeni isivikelo esiguquguqukayo.
• Isihlangu sobuso Imiklamo yakamuva ifaka ama-auto-mnyama autos avumelanisa nezimo ze-floalover kungakapheli imizuzwana engu-0,1.
• I-Chin strap: Ivikela isigqoko sokucima umlilo ngezinsimbi zokukhipha izicishamlilo ngokususwa okusheshayo ukuze kususwe ngokushesha eziphuthumayo. Imichilo manje ihlanganisa amathegi e-RFID ukulandelwa kwabasebenzi ngezimo zokuwa.

Ukulungiswa kwe-ergonomic, njengezinhlelo zokumiswa kwe-ratchet kanye nama-liners avutha umoya, kuqinisekisa ukunethezeka ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngenkathi kuvimbela ukucindezela kokushisa. Isifundo se-ergonomic esingu-2023 sathola ukuthi imishini yezigqoko zomlilo enezinhlelo ezingama-360 ° airflow zinciphise izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliyisisekelo ngo-1.5 ° C ngesikhathi semizuzu engu-45 ngokuqhathaniswa nemizuzu yendabuko.

Ukucaciswa Okusemqoka kanye nama-metric asebenza kahle

Izigqoko zomlilo kufanele zihambisane namazinga aqinile aphesheya, kufaka phakathi i-GA 44-2004, i-EU's 443, ne-NFPA 1971. Izindlela zokusebenza ezibalulekile zifaka:

• Ukumelana nomthelela: Izigqoko zomlilo zasendle kufanele zibekezelela imithelela emincane ka-150 j ngaphandle kokudlulisa amandla ngokweqile kwi-skull egqokile. Ukuhlola izimo zokulingisa njengokuwa kwezitini noma ukuwa kwezakhiwo ezisebenzisa ama-rigs akhethekile afana ne-Coual 9350 Drop tower.
• Ukuvikelwa okushisayo: Izihlangu zobuso zihlolwa ngokuvezwa okuqondile kwamalangabi (imizuzwana eyi-10 ku-500 ° C) ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa okushisa okuncane. I-En 443: 2020 Engajwayelekile Engajwayelekile idinga izigqoko zokuvikela umlilo ukugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-15 ku-250 ° C izinga lokushisa.
• Ukufakwa kukagesi: Kubucayi kokuvikela ezintanjeni bukhoma, izigqoko zokuvikela umlilo ezilula kakhulu kufanele zimelane namavolumu ayi-10,000 imizuzu eyi-1 ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Amagobolondo ahlanganisiwe nge <1 s cm yokuphambuka izinto zendabuko eziphuma phambili ezindaweni eziphakeme zegesi.
• Induduzo nama-Ergonomics: Isisindo siboshwe ku-1.5 kg, ngamabhande aguqukayo kanye nama-liclers omswakama wokunciphisa uhlobo lwentamo. Ucwaningo lwe-2024 labacishimlilo abangama-500 buveze ukuthi izigqoko zokuvikela izigqoko ze-Helmets zidlula ukukhathala kwentamo nge-27% ngamashifu angama-8.

Ukulungiswa kanye nokuphila

Ukulungiswa njalo kubalulekile. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi izigqoko zokuvikela umlilo ezihlelekile ezisetshenziselwa iminyaka engu-4 ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okufanele kubukisa ukuncishiswa kwamandla angama-40% kumandla okufakwa kwamandla, noma ngabe kungonakaliswa. Lokhu kugcizelela isidingo sokuhlolwa kwelebhu ye-periotory okungaphezu kokuhlola okubukwayo. Iminyango ehola umlilo manje iyasebenza:

• I-X-ray Scans yonyaka yokuthola imifantu emincane kumagobolondo ahlanganisiwe.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Foam density usebenzisa izinzwa ze-ultrasonic ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho be-buffer ungqimba.
• Amakamelo okuhamba ngebhayisikile alingiswa iminyaka engu-5 yokucindezela kwamazinga okushisa ngamahora angama-72.

Izicelo zangempela zomhlaba kanye nezifundo zamacala

Ukutakula umlilo kwehlathi eChina (2023)

Ngesikhathi somlilo omkhulu wamahlathi, izicishamlilo zihlome ngeHeros-Titan Rescue & helmets yomlilo (1.3 kg, igobolondo eliyinhlaka) kubika ukuhamba okuthuthukile nokuvikelwa. Isendlalelo somlilo 'esihlanganisiwe se-Buffert ungqimba sivimbele ukucaphuna naphezu kwemithelela yemfucumfucu ejwayelekile, ngenkathi ukuvikelwa kwayo okushisayo kuvumela amaqembu ukuba asebenze ngaphakathi kwama-mats angu-2 amalangabi amalangabi e-flabis amalangabi abucayi. Ukuhlaziywa kwangemva kwenhlekelele kukhombisa ukuncishiswa kwama-60% ekulimaleni kwekhanda kuqhathaniswa nabasebenza ama-crews besebenzisa amamodeli amadala we-Helmet.

Ukucima umlilo emadolobheni eNew York

Isifundo esingu-2024 sabhalwa ukuthi izigqoko zomlilo ezinamamojula wokuxhumana ngaphandle kwama-wireless (njengoba zihlongozwa ku-LI et al. Ubuchwepheshe bohlelo lwe-Ponelction Reccularm buvunyelwe ukuhanjiswa okucacile komsindo ngisho nasezindaweni eziyi-110 ze-DB.

Umlilo wezimboni eJalimane (2022)

Esigcawini samakhemikhali esivuthayo, izigqoko zokuvikela umlilo ezinama-helsor ahlanganisiwe wegesi atholakele ukuvuza kwe-hydrogen sulfide ku-5 PPM-izikhathi eziyi-10 ngaphansi kwama-osha avumelekile wokufuduka nokuvimbela ubuthi bemikhawulo. Lesi sehlakalo sisheshise amagunya we-EU abathola izitholi eziningi zegesi ehlukahlukene kuzo zonke izigqoko zomlilo zezimboni ngo-2025.

Ukuqanjwa Kwekusasa Nezitayela Zemakethe

Ukuhlanganiswa Okungasebenzi

Imiklamo evelayo ihlose ukuhlanganisa:
Ukulingisa okushisayo okungekho emthethweni: Amakhamera amancane afakwe ku-visor ukuthola izigqoko zomlilo nemithombo ye-hardHats ngentuthu, nama-ai algorithms aqokomisa ukwakheka kwabantu edoti.
Izinhlelo ze-Oxygen Ezemvelo: Amathangi we-Oxygen Compact (umthamo we-200l) wezindawo ezinobuthi, ezicutshungulwe nge-valve ye-fighter ye-fighter ebekwe ngokuzimela eziyimizuzu engu-15.
Izinzwa ze-Biometric: Ukuqapha izimpawu ezibalulekile ezifana nezinga lezinhliziyo nokushisa komzimba ukuvikela i-heatStroke. Idatha idluliselwa kubaphathi bezigameko ngamanethiwekhi we-mesh.
Ukusimama nezindleko
Ama-composites asetshenziswa kabusha kanye nemiklamo ye-modular (E.G. Umbiko Wemakethe Womlilo Womlilo Womlilo Womhlaba we-2023 Womhlaba we-PRIRE PREET A 7.2% CAGR ukukhula ngo-2030, aqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ye-Asia-Pacific kanye nemithetho yezokuphepha e-EU.
Ukuqeqeshwa nokulingisa
I-Virtual Reality (VR) izigqoko zokuzivikela manje zenza izimo zomlilo zokuqeqeshwa, ngempendulo ye-haptic kulingisa amagagasi okushisa nemithelela yemfucumfucu. Abaqeqeshiwe besebenzisa amasistimu we-VR bakhombisa amakhono okuthatha izinqumo okusheshayo okungu-40% kuma-bukhoma okushayela kuqhathaniswa nokuqeqeshwa okuvamile.

Ukugcina

Izigqoko zokuvikela umlilo ziyavela emafutheni okuvikela nje ezinhlelweni ezikhuthazayo zokuphila. Njengesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo nobuchwepheshe be-IOT buqhubekela phambili, kungenzeka ukuthi izigqoko zokuvikela umlilo zizobandakanya izexwayiso eziyingozi eziqhutshwa yi-AI kanye nezindawo ezingokoqobo ezingokoqobo zibonisa izindlela zokuphunyuka ngentuthu. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi kufanele balinganise emisha ngokunamathela okuqinile kumazinga okuphepha nasekugcinweni kokulungisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka ezimweni ezisongela impilo.
Isici somuntu sihlala sibucayi: ngisho nesigqoko somlilo esithuthuke kakhulu asikwazi ukunxephezela ukuqeqeshwa okunganele. Iminyango Yezomlilo Emhlabeni wonke isabela ama-15-20% wezabelomali ze-PPE kuzinhlelo zokuqeqeshwa ezenzelwe ukumbumbuluzwa, zakha ubudlelwane obuphakathi kwezobuchwepheshe phakathi kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono.
Ngokubeka phambili ubuchwepheshe bokusika bobuchwepheshe kanye nemikhuba yokulondolozwa kobufakazi, imboni yokuphepha ngomlilo ingaqinisekisa ukuthi la "amaqhawe angabonakali" ayaqhubeka nokuvikela labo abavikela thina abavuselela amandla okuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu megafires.