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I-South-Central Chile Wildfires Izisetshenziswa Zokulwa Nomlilo Ezithuthukisiwe Ezisebenzayo

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Muva nje, imililo yequbula eyeqisayo iqubuke ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa zaseningizimu-maphakathi neChile, yasabalala ngokushesha futhi yahlanganisa izifunda zase-Araucanía, Bío Bío naseNublé. Abacimi bomlilo baqalise imisebenzi yokucisha umlilo ngeNational Forest Service kanye nokwesekwa kwamazwe ngamazwe. Lapho kubhekene nezintambo zomlilo eziyinkimbinkimbi namazinga okushisa aphezulu, imishini yokucima umlilo ethuthukisiwe yayiyisihluthulelo sokucisha imililo nokugcina abantu bephephile. Indawo yomlilo idlulele, futhi ukushisa nentuthu kubeka ingcindezi enkulu emizamweni yokucisha umlilo, futhi ilungu ngalinye leqembu lithembeleukusebenza okuphezuluumliloimishini ukufeza umsebenzi wabo.

Uhlolojikelele lwe Wildfire inSout-CeChile

Ubukhulu bomlilo kanye nenani lokufa

Ekugcineni, umlilo wequbula wawushise amahektha angaphezu kuka-45,000 amahlathi, amapulazi kanye nezindawo eziseduze nedolobha, kuhlanganise namahektha angaba ngu-20,500 esifundeni sase-Araucanía, amahektha angu-17,800 eBío Bío, namahektha angu-6,700 eMaule. Imililo iholele ekutheni okungenani kushone abantu abangama-21, amakhulu abantu abalimele futhi kukhishwe izakhamizi ezibalelwa ku-50,000. Izinkulungwane zezindlu nazo zicekeleke phansi noma zacekelwa phansi umlilo, obhebhetheka ngokushesha, nokubeka inselelo enkulu emizamweni yokuhlenga.

Izici zesimo sezulu zabhebhethekisa umlilo

Ngesikhathi somlilo, amazinga okushisa esifundeni ayephezulu kakhulu aze afike ku-36-38°C izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngomswakama womoya we-12-15% kuphela. Imimoya evela eningizimu ingafinyelela isivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-35-40 ngehora, isheshisa ukubhebhetheka kwamalangabi. Izitshalo ngaphansi kwezimo zesomiso zinokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphansi kakhulu, futhi amagatsha afile namaqabunga asha kalula, ngakho umugqa womlilo ukhula ngokushesha, futhi ubunzima bokulwa nomlilo bukhula kakhulu. Ngokomnyango wesimo sezulu, izimo zezulu ezimbi kangaka azivamile esikhathini esifanayo emlandweni, okubeka izidingo eziphakeme ekuthunyelweni kwezinsiza zokucisha umlilo.

Ukuphuma kanyeeukuphuthumarimpendulo

Njengoba umlilo usondela ezindaweni zokuhlala, uhulumeni wendawo waqala uhlelo lokuphuma ezimweni eziphuthumayo, futhi izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kuka-50,000 zathuthelwa ezindaweni zokukhosela. Izindlu zokukhosela zesikhashana zazinokudla, izinsiza zezokwelapha nezokuvimbela umlilo, futhi izicishamlilo namavolontiya ahlinzeka ngokusekela ubusuku nemini. Izinhlelo zolwazi lomphakathi zivumelanise izibuyekezo zomlilo ngomsakazo, imiyalezo yomakhalekhukhwini kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhishwa komphakathi ngesikhathi esifanele kude nezicishamlilo futhi kuncishiswe ingozi yokulimala.

Umlilotopography kanye fukukhanyadubunzima

Imililo ikakhulukazi isezindaweni ezinezintaba nezingamagquma, ezinye zazo okungangeneki kuzo futhi okunzima ukuthi izimoto ezicisha umlilo zifinyelele kuzo. Izinga lokushisa lomlilo lifinyelele ku-500°C endaweni eshisayo, futhi intuthu yavala umbono. Amalungu eqembu adinga ukuthwala imishini ephathwayo engasindi kanye nama-drones ukusiza ekuqapheni umlilo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo asebenzise inhlanganisela yezingubo zomlilo, izigqoko zokuzivikela kanye nemishini yokuphefumula ukuze bavikele ukuphepha kwabo, futhi balwe nomlilo ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, intuthu ewugqinsi kanye nezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Best FirefightingIzingubo ye-Extreme Wildfires

Phezulutumkhathifirepukujikeleza

Amanye amazinga okushisa ezindawo zomlilo angaphezulu kuka-500°C, kanye nongqimba olumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwezingubo zokucima umlilo luhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okubalulekile kumalungu eqembu ngokuwavikela emisebeni yokushisa. Esimweni sokushisa okuphezulu, izisebenzi zingasebenzisa isibhamu samanzi esinengcindezi ephezulu futhi zisuse umgoqo womlilo isikhathi eside, futhi mancane amathuba okuba ziphathwe ukusha noma ukushisa kokushisa. Ezingxenyeni zendawo yomlilo yase-Araucania, izisebenzi ezigqoke amasudi okucisha umlilo ziye zahlala ziphephile amahora amaningi ezindaweni ezinentuthu eshintshanayo kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Izinto ezivimbela umlilo

Isudi yomlilo ye-JIUPAI yenziwe ngezinto eziyinhlanganisela ezinezingqimba eziningi ezivimbela umlilo, ngisho noma izinhlansi noma amagatsha avuthayo namaqabunga ethinta phezulu, ingahlala ingenakunyakaziswa imizuzu embalwa. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza komlilo, amalungu eqembu angacisha imililo ebangeni eliseduze noma enze imisebenzi yokuvimbela ukuhlanza ngaphandle kokulimala. Ukuba khona kwezingubo ezivimbela amalangabi kunciphisa izingozi futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwengqondo nokusebenza kahle kwamalungu eqembu lezicishamlilo.

Ukunethezeka Nokuvumelana nezimo

Izingubo zesimanje zokucisha umlilo ziyavikela ngenkathi zigxile ekwakhiweni okungasindi nokuphefumulayo. Ungqimba oluphefumulayo lusiza ukujuluka futhi lukhiphe ukushisa, lunciphise ukukhathala okubangelwa ukushisa komzimba okuphezulu. Ithimba lingagcina isenzo esiguquguqukayo, ukunyakaza okusheshayo nokusebenza okunembile phakathi namahora amaningana okulwa nomlilo okuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi endaweni yomlilo eyinkimbinkimbi yezintaba namagquma, ukuklama okulula kubaluleke kakhulu.

I-Top Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) yabacimi bomlilo

Isistimu yokuphefumula emoyeni

Indawo yomlilo igcwele intuthu, amagesi anobuthi nezinhlayiya ezincane, i-air respirator esebenza kahle kakhulu ukuze inikeze umoya ohlanzekile eqenjini ukunciphisa umonakalo wesistimu yokuphefumula. Lapho ulwa nomlilo isikhathi eside, imishini isekela ukunikezwa komoya okuqhubekayo ukuze amalungu eqembu akwazi ukwenza ngokuphepha imisebenzi yokulwa nomlilo endaweni embozwe intuthu kuyilapho egcina izinga eliphezulu lokuqapha kanye nokunemba kokusebenza.

Okuningi-leyafukucwengambuza

Uhlelo lokuhlunga olunezingqimba eziningi lwemaski yegesi lungavimba ngempumelelo intuthu namagesi ayingozi futhi lunciphise ukucasuka komgudu wokuphefumula. Imaski isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana namasudi okucisha umlilo ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchayeka kokushisa ekhanda nasebusweni futhi kuthuthukiswe ukunethezeka kokusebenza. Ezingxenyeni zendawo yomlilo ye-Bío Bío, imaski ivikela ngempumelelo indlela yokuphefumula njengoba ithimba lihamba phakathi kwemigqa yomlilo, liqinisekisa ukulwa nomlilo okuqhubekayo.

Lon isikhathi imisebenzi ukusekela

Igiya lokuphefumula le-JIUPAI lidizayinelwe ukuhlanganisa ukunethezeka nobubanzi amahora wokusebenza okuqhubekayo. Amasilinda aphezulu kanye nezintambo ezikhululekile zenzelwe ukunciphisa imvamisa yokushintshwa, ukuze amalungu eqembu akwazi ukunciphisa ikhefu futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokucisha umlilo ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo emgqeni womlilo.

Izigqoko Zokuvikela Zomlilo Ezisebenza Kakhulu Zokuphepha Komlilo Wendle

Phezulutumkhathipukujikelezadesign

Isigqoko sokuzivikela somlilo senziwe ngezinto ezihlanganisiwe eziphikisana nokushisa okuphezulu, ezikwazi ukumelana nemisebe yokushisa yendawo yomlilo kanye nomthelela wemfucumfucu evuthayo. Lapho izinga lokushisa lendawo yomlilo lidlula ama-300°C, isigqoko sokuzivikela sinikeza isivikelo esizinzile sekhanda lamalungu eqembu futhi siqinisekisa ukugqoka ngokunethezeka isikhathi eside. Kwezinye izindawo ezishisayo e-Araucania, isigqoko sokuzivikela sasivikela abasebenzi ekushiseni nasezinhlansini ezindizayo.

Umthelelarukuphikisa

Amagatsha awile, imfucumfucu yokwakha endizayo, noma amathuluzi angashaya ikhanda ngesikhathi somlilo. Izigqoko zokuvikela umlilo zesimanje zinengqimba yomthelela eqinile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nomthelela. Isigqoko sokuzivikela sivikela ngempumelelo ukulimala kwengozi lapho amalungu eqembu esusa indawo ehlukanisa umlilo noma engena endaweni eshisayo, enikeza isivikelo semisebenzi yokulwa nomlilo.

Induduzo kanyefyona

Izigqoko zokuzivikela zomlilo ze-JIUPAI zifaka ulayini ophefumulayo namabhande alungisekayo ngaphakathi ukuze azigcine zinethezekile isikhathi eside sokuguga. Idizayini ephefumulayo inciphisa ukugcwala nokukhathala, futhi ithuthukisa ukugxilisa kweqembu ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nemvelo yentuthu eminyene.

Umyalo kanye Nezisetshenziswa Zokuxhumana

Okwangempela-timisukubhekwasuhlelo

Izikhungo zokulawula ziqapha izinguquko esimweni somlilo ngamasathelayithi, ama-drones, nesithombe esishisayo ukuze zithole isithombe sesikhathi sangempela sokuthi ulayini womlilo unwebeka ngokushesha kangakanani futhi ngakuphi. Idatha enembile yenza ukushejula kwezisebenzi nosekelo lomoya kube ngokwesayensi kakhulu, kunciphisa ukuchayeka kwezisebenzi ezindaweni ezinengcuphe enkulu, futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kokulwa nomlilo ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Dispatch futhidi-ecisionsukwesekwa

Uhlelo lwesimanje lomyalo nokulawula luhlanganisa idatha yomlilo, izinguquko zesimo sezulu nezindawo zabasebenzi ukuze kuvunyelwe ukwenza izinqumo zesayensi. Isistimu ivumela ukulungiswa okusheshayo kohlelo lokusebenza, ithuthukise ukwabiwa kwezinsiza, ithuthukise isivinini sokucisha umlilo, inciphise ubungozi bezingozi, futhi iqinisekise imisebenzi ehlelekile yokulwa nomlilo.

Ukuxhumanaequipmentguyarantee

Indawo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nentuthu emlilweni kuzophazamisa ukuxhumana, imishini yokuxhumana engenantambo esebenza kahle kakhulu iqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu eqembu ahlala ethintana nesikhungo sokuyala. Ngisho nasezigodini ezikude noma imililo yamahlathi aminyene, amalungu eqembu angathola imiyalelo yesikhathi sangempela kanye nempendulo endaweni yesigameko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubambisana nokuphepha kokucisha umlilo.

EquipmentMukulungiswa kanyeTukuna

Ukugcinwa kwemishini yomlilo

Ukugcinwa kwesayensi kwemishini yokucisha umlilo kuyisihluthulelo sokusebenza nokuphepha. Ngemuva kokulwa nomlilo, amasudi omlilo, izinto zokuphefumula nezigqoko zokuzivikela zidinga ukuhlanzwa, zomiswe futhi zihlolwe ukumelana nokushisa. Ukunakekelwa okufanele kungandisa isikhathi semishini, kuqinisekise ukwethembeka nokuphepha emsebenzini olandelayo wokucisha umlilo, futhi kunciphise ingcuphe yezingozi zendawo yomlilo.

Izivivinyo Eziwusizo Zokuqeqesha

Izicishamlilo zizijwayeza ukusebenza kwemishini kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezilingisa izimo zomlilo, okuhlanganisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu, intuthu eminyene, indawo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinguquko endleleni yomoya. Ukuzivivinya kungathuthukisa amakhono amalungu eqembu ekusetshenzisweni okuhlangene kwamasudi omlilo, izinto zokuphefumula nezigqoko zokuzivikela, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kokucisha umlilo.

Ubuchwepheshe kanye Nezinsimbi Updates

Ukwethulwa okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha ezivimbela amalangabi, izinhlelo zokuphefumula ezingasindi kanye nemishini yokuqapha ehlakaniphile kwenza amandla okulwa nomlilo akwazi ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imishini yawo. Ukuqamba okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kungathuthukisa ikhono lokuvikela, ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhono lokuthatha izinqumo endaweni yamalungu eqembu, ukuze libhekane nezinselele zemililo emikhulu esikhathini esizayo futhi kuvikelwe ukuphepha kwabantu nempahla.

Isiphetho

Imililo yequbula eningizimu-maphakathi neChile igqamisa indima ebalulekile yemishini ethuthukisiwe yokucisha umlilo. Izingubo zokucisha umlilo ezimelana nokushisa okuphezulu, izinto zokuphefumula ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, izigqoko zokuvikela umlilo eziqinile, nomyalo ohlakaniphile kanye nemishini yokuxhumana inikeza ukuvikeleka okuzungezile kwabacimi bomlilo futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokucisha umlilo.

Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthukiswa kwemishini, izivivinyo zokuqeqeshwa kanye nokuqanjwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe, singaqhubeka sithuthukisa amakhono ethu okucisha umlilo, siphendule emililo emikhulu, sivikele izimpilo nezakhiwo zabahlali, futhi sikhuthaze ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokucisha umlilo kanye nokusebenza kwayo okungokoqobo.

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