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Isizathu esiphezulu sokuba kutheni kufuneka ube ne-SCBA kwindawo yakho yokusebenzela

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Kuzo zonke iintlobo zamashishini asemngciphekweni omkhulu, i-SCBA ayisosiqhekeza sesixhobo sokuzikhethela; koko, licandelo elingundoqo lenkqubo yokhuseleko emsebenzini kunye nemfuneko esisiseko yokuthobela imithetho nemimiselo. Enoba kusekwimeko yonxunguphalo lomlilo, ukuveliswa kwemichiza, okanye ukusebenza emajukujukwini, nje ukuba kuvele imeko yongxamiseko ngequbuliso, enoba abasebenzi bayakwazi ukuphefumla ngokukhuselekileyo oko kumisela ngokuthe ngqo inqanaba labantu abenzakeleyo.

Yintoni i-SCBA

I-SCBA luhlobo lwezixhobo zokukhusela ukuphefumla ezingathembeli kumoya ojikelezayo. Inzuzo yayo engundoqo ikukwazi ukubonelela ngomthombo womoya wokuphefumla ozimeleyo kumsebenzisi, obenza bakwazi ukukhululeka ekuxhomekekeni kwi-atmosphere engqongileyo. Amacandelo ayo angundoqo aquka amacandelo amahlanu angundoqo, kwaye icandelo ngalinye lisebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokhuseleko:

Isilinda: Igcina umoya ococekileyo woxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphathekayo, zinokuhlelwa njenge-carbon fiber cylinders okanye iisilinda zensimbi. Eyangaphambili ikhaphukhaphu kwaye ayigugi kakhulu, ngelixa le yokugqibela ibonelela ngeendleko ezingcono kunye nokuqina.
Umlawuli: Unciphisa umoya ophezulu woxinzelelo kwi-cylinder yegesi ukuya kuxinzelelo olufanelekileyo lokuphefumla, ngelixa uzinzisa ukuphuma komoya ophumayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphefumla kakuhle.
Ubuso: Ingena ngokusondeleyo ebusweni, ithintela iigesi eziyityhefu neziyingozi ngaphandle. Ixhotyiswe ngeelensi ezicacileyo zokubonakala kakuhle kunye neevalvu zokuphefumla ezikhululekile. Ezinye iimodeli nazo ziza nonxibelelwano lonxibelelwano.
Ukubopha: Isilinda segesi, isinciphisi soxinzelelo kunye namanye amacandelo abotshelelwe ngokukhuselekileyo ngasemva komsebenzisi. Uyilo luyi-ergonomic, luqinisekisa ukulungeleka okukhululekile kunye nokunyakaza okuguquguqukayo.
I-Alarm: Xa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwe-cylinder yegesi yehla ngaphantsi komda wokhuseleko, i-alarm evakalayo kunye neyokubonayo iya kuvakala, ilumkisa umsebenzisi ukuba aphume kwindawo enobungozi ngokukhawuleza.

IziNzuzo eziphambili zokuba ne-SCBA kwindawo yakho yokusebenzela

UkuxhobisaiSCBA ehambelanayo nomgangathoayiboneleli nje kuphela ngesiqinisekiso esiluqilima sokhuseleko lobomi babasebenzi, kodwa ikwanceda amashishini aphephe imingcipheko esemthethweni kwaye aphucule amandla awo okusabela kwimeko kaxakeka. Lutyalo-mali lokhuseleko oluyimfuneko kumashishini asemngciphekweni omkhulu.

Ukuphendula kwiimeko ze-IDLH zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lobomi

Iimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezibeka ubomi okanye impilo engozini (IDLH) zibhekisela kwiimeko apho i-oksijeni yoxinaniso ingaphantsi kwe-19.5%, kwaye ukuxinwa kweegesi ezinobuthi okanye ezinobungozi kwanele ukuba ngokukhawuleza kubangele ukufa okanye umonakalo omkhulu wempilo, njengomsi womlilo, ukuvuza kwegesi enetyhefu, ukuqhuma kweekhemikhali, njl. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuphefumla emoyeni ongcolileyo kunokungcola. Nangona kunjalo, i-SCBA inokubonelela ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokukhusela ukuphefumla ngokukhuselekileyo kubasebenzisi ngomthombo wayo womoya ococekileyo, ovumela ixesha elaneleyo lokuqhuba umsebenzi okanye ukuphuma kwindawo eyingozi.

Kwiingozi zokuvuza kwegesi enetyhefu kumashishini ekhemikhali, abasebenzi bexesha likaxakeka abanxibe i-SCBA banokwenza imisebenzi efana neevalvu zokuvala kunye nokuvuza kweeplagi kwindawo engundoqo yokuvuza. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi abangenayo i-SCBA banokulinda kuphela kumgama okhuselekileyo kwaye baphose elona thuba lilungileyo lokuphatha. Ukukhetha i-SCBA ehambelana nemigangatho ye-NFPA 1981 kunokwandisa ngakumbi ukuthembeka kokhuseleko kwiindawo ezingqongileyo ezigqithisileyo. Iimveliso ezifanelekileyo zinokujongwa kwiI-SCBA yodidi lweshishiniicandelo imveliso JIUPAI.

Izixhobo eziyimfuneko zokusabela kwintlekele yomlilo

Eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu kwindawo yomlilo ayiwo amadangatye ngokwawo, kodwa umsi oshinyeneyo, i-carbon monoxide, i-cyanide kunye nezinye iigesi ezinobuthi neziyingozi eziveliswa kukutsha. Ezi gesi zidla ngokuba ngoyena nobangela wengozi. I-SCBA inokubonelela ngokukhuseleka kokuphefumla okuzimeleyo kubacimi bomlilo bexesha likaxakeka, okubenza bakwazi ukuqhuba ukucima umlilo kunye nokukhangela kwabasebenzi kunye nemisebenzi yokuhlangula kwiindawo ezizaliswe ngumsi omningi, ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuphefumla umsi kunye nomonakalo wokuphefumla.

Nokuba livolontiya lomlilo langaphakathi leshishini okanye iqela lobuchwephesha lokuhlangula umlilo, i-SCBA sisixhobo esiyimfuneko esiyimfuneko. I-SCBA ethile yomlilo ye-JIUPAI isebenzisa i-carbon fiber cylinders ephezulu, kunye nobomi bebhetri ukuya kwimizuzu engama-60. Ikwaxhotyiswe ngeemaski ezichasene nenkungu kunye nezixhobo ze-alamu ezisebenzayo, eziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabacimi bomlilo.

Isiqinisekiso soKhuseleko kuMsebenzi kwiiNdawo ezivalekileyo

Amatanki okugcina, iitonela, izisele, imisele yemibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nezinye iindawo ezivaliweyo ziindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu wokhuseleko emsebenzini. Ezi zithuba zihlala zineengxaki ezifana nokungonelanga kweoksijini kunye nokuqokelelana kweegesi eziyityhefu (ezifana nehydrogen sulfide kunye nemethane), kunye neemeko zomoya ongentle, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba ungcoliseko lusasazeke. Xa usebenza kwiindawo ezivaliweyo, ukugqoka i-SCBA (i-Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) yindlela ephambili yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, njengoko inokubonelela ngokuzinzile kunye nomoya ococekileyo wokuphefumula kubasebenzi kunye nokukhusela izingozi ezikhuselekileyo ezibangelwa ukungabikho kwe-oksijini okanye ubuthi obuvela kwiigesi ezinobuthi.

Ukukhusela kwirhasi enetyhefu

Kumashishini afana nobunjineli beekhemikhali, i-petroleum, amayeza, kunye neelabhoratri, izinto ezingcolisa umoya ezinobutyhefu neziyingozi zihlala zikhona emsebenzini.， kuquka i-formaldehyde， benzene， igesi chlorine， igesi ammonia， njl. Xa izigxinano zezi zinto zingcolisayo zigqithise kumda okhuselekileyo， zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwinkqubo yokuphefumla kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous yomzimba womntu， kwaye zide zibe sisisongelo ebomini. I-SCBA inokwahlula ngokupheleleyo ungcoliseko lwangaphandle kwaye ibonelele ngomthombo womoya wokuphefumla ozimeleyo kubaqhubi， ngokusisiseko ukuthintela ukuphefumla iigesi eziyityhefu.

Kwiimeko zomsebenzi ezinetyhefu ephezulu,I-SCBA ekhethekileyo ye-JIUPAI echasene netyhefuinokuxhotyiswa ngemaski ezinikeleyo kunye nevalve yokuphefumla, iphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kokutywina. Ukongezelela, i-cylinder yegesi inokukhethwa ngamakhono ahlukeneyo ngokweemfuno zomsebenzi, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zobude obuhlukeneyo bokusebenza.

Xhasa iinzame zohlangulo olungxamisekileyo

Kwiingozi ezinkulu zentlekele ezinje ngeenyikima, ugqabhuko-dubulo lwemizi-mveliso, kunye nemililo emikhulu, indawo ekwisiza ihlala intsonkothile kakhulu, ineengozi ezininzi zokhuseleko ezinokubakho, njengokuwa kwezakhiwo, ukuvuza kwegesi enetyhefu, kunye neoksijini enganelanga. I-SCBA inokubonelela ngabasebenzi bokuhlangula ngokukhuselekileyo kokuphefumula kokuphefumula, okubenza bakwazi ukungena kwindawo engundoqo yentlekele ukuze baqhube imisebenzi efana nokukhangela kwabasebenzi kunye nokuhlangula, ukudluliselwa kwengozi, kunye nophando lwentlekele, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhlangula kunye nezinga lokuphumelela.

Kwindawo yengozi yokuqhuma kwemizi-mveliso, abasebenzi bohlangulo abanxibe i-SCBA banokukhangela abantu abavaleleke kwiindawo ezizaliswe ziigesi ezinobuthi neziyingozi kunye nothuli, bebonelela ngoncedo lwangexesha kwabonzakeleyo. Iuhlangulo olungxamisekileyo SCBA ngqoof JIUPAI features a ekhawulezayo-ukunxiba uyilo, evumela ukuba ibekwe ngaphakathi 30 imizuzwana. Ikwaxhotyiswe nge-interface ye-cylinder esecaleni, enokwandisa ubomi bebhetri kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zemisebenzi yokuhlangula ixesha elide.

Ukunciphisa iingozi zempilo zexesha elide

Kwezinye iimeko zomsebenzi, abasebenzi banokuba sesichengeni sothuli, umsi okanye ukuxinana okuphantsi kwamasuntswana ayityhefu nayingozi ixesha elide. Nangona ezi zinto zingabangeli ityhefu ebukhali kwixesha elifutshane, ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elide kwandisa umngcipheko we-bronchitis engapheliyo, umhlaza wemiphunga, i-pneumoconiosis kunye nezinye izifo. I-SCBA inokwahlula ngokukuko ezi zinto zingcolisekileyo, inciphise idosi yokuvezwa kwexesha elide labasebenzi, kwaye ithobe ngokusisiseko umngcipheko wezifo ezingapheliyo zomsebenzi.

Iimeko zeSicelo se-SCBA kumaShishini ahlukeneyo

Umda wesicelo se-SCBA ubandakanya amashishini amaninzi asemngciphekweni omkhulu. Iimeko zokusebenza kunye neempawu zomngcipheko kumashishini ahlukeneyo ahlukile, kwaye imfuno ye-SCBA nayo iyahluka.

Isebe lezomlilo kunye neshishini leenkonzo ezingxamisekileyo

Iimeko zesicelo se-SCBA (i-Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) lisebe lomlilo libandakanya ukucima umlilo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomlilo, ukukhangela kwabasebenzi kunye nokuhlangula, kunye nophando lwentlekele. Ikwabandakanya impendulo engxamisekileyo kwiziganeko ezinjengokuvuza kweekhemikhali kunye nokuqhuma, ukubonelela ngokukhuselekileyo kokuphefumla kwabasebenzi abangxamisekileyo.

IPetroleum, igesi yendalo kunye neshishini lepetrochemical

Kwimizi-mveliso yeoli kunye negesi kunye namashishini epetrochemical, iSCBA isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimisebenzi efana nokutsalwa kwendawo yeoli, ukugcinwa kwemibhobho yokuthutha ioyile kunye negesi, kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zepetrochemical. Ikwasesona sixhobo sokhuseleko sikaxakeka kwiimeko ezifana nokuvuza kwerhasi enetyhefu, kwaye ifanelekile kwiindawo zokusebenza ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokonakala okuphezulu kula mashishini.

Ishishini loKwakha kunye nokudilizwa

Kushishino lokwakha nokudiliza, i-SCBA isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukudilizwa kwezakhiwo, ulwakhiwo lobunjineli obuphantsi komhlaba, kunye nokusebenza kwiindawo ezivalelekileyo ezifana nemibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba kunye nokugrumba. Iyakwazi ukwahlula ngokufanelekileyo uthuli kunye nenkunkuma yemiphunga yeekhemikhali ezenziwe ngexesha lokusebenza, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokuphefumula lwabasebenzi bokwakha.

Ishishini lezemigodi

Isicelo se-SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) kwishishini lemigodi libandakanya iimeko ezifana nokusebenza kwemigodi ephantsi komhlaba, impendulo engxamisekileyo kwimililo yasemigodini, ukukhuselwa kokuvuza kwegesi, kunye nokuhlangula ngaphantsi komhlaba. Ifanelekile kwindawo ekhethekileyo yeendawo eziphantsi komhlaba ezinokutsha kunye nokuqhuma, ukubonelela ngokukhuseleka kokhuseleko lobomi babasebenzi basezimayini kunye nabasebenzi bokuhlangula.

Ishishini lokwenziwa kwemichiza

Kwishishini lokuvelisa imichiza, i-SCBA iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwimisebenzi efana nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali ekrwada, ukucocwa kweetanki zokugcina imichiza, kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zeekhemikhali. Isenokujongana neemeko zequbuliso ezinje ngokuvuza kwerhasi eyityhefu kwaye yahlukanise ngokufanelekileyo imiphunga yeekhemikhali eziyityhefu, iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi.

Iqela lokusebenza kwiindawo ezivaliweyo

Iimeko zezicelo zeSCBA zeqela elisebenza kwindawo evaliweyo ziquka ukucocwa kwetanki, ukwakhiwa kwetonela, ukugcinwa kombhobho ongaphantsi komhlaba, kunye nokuhlolwa komgqomo wokugcina, njl. Ngexesha elifanayo, isixhobo sayo se-alamu sinokulumkisa ngokukhawuleza ukunikezelwa kwegesi eseleyo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa okukhuselekileyo kwabasebenzi bokusebenza.

Ungayikhetha njani iSCBA eLungileyo kwindawo yakho yokusebenzela

Ukukhetha iSCBA elungileyo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko olusebenzayo. Iimeko zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo zineempawu zomngcipheko ezahlukeneyo, ubude bexesha lokusebenza, kunye neemfuno zabasebenzi, kwaye zonke ezi zinto kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo ukukhetha eyona SCBA ifanelekileyo.

Ixesha lokubonelela ngomoya

Khetha umthamo ofanelekileyo weesilinda zegesi ngokusekelwe kwixesha lokusebenza. Amandla e-cylinder aqhelekileyo aquka i-6.8L, i-9L, kunye ne-12L, kwaye ubude bokusebenza buvela kwimizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-60. Imisebenzi engxamisekileyo yexesha elifutshane (njengokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, ukutywinwa kokuvuza okwethutyana), imveliso enemizuzu engama-30-40 inokukhethwa. Ukusebenza kwexesha elide (njengemigodi, ukuhlangula okukhulu), imveliso enemizuzu engama-60 okanye ngaphezulu kufuneka ikhethwe, okanye i-cylinder yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe. Uthotho lwethu lwe-SCBA lwexesha elide lunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zobude obuhlukeneyo bokusebenza.

Uhlobo lwezinto ze-cylinder zegesi

Iisilinda ze-SCBA ikakhulu ziquka iisilinda ze-carbon fiber kunye neesilinda zentsimbi. Zombini zineengenelo zazo. Iisilinda ze-carbon fiber zilula ngobunzima (i-40% -50% ilula kuneesilinda zensimbi), inokumelana nokugqwala okuqinileyo, kwaye inobomi obude benkonzo (malunga ne-15 iminyaka). Zifanele iimeko apho ukunxiba ixesha elide okanye ukusebenza kweselula kuyadingeka, njengokuhlangula umlilo kunye nokusebenza kwendawo evaliweyo. Iisilinda zensimbi zineendleko eziphezulu, ukuqina okulungileyo, kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo enamandla, kwaye ifanelekile kwiimeko zokusebenza ezisisigxina okanye kumashishini anohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olulinganiselwe.

Ukuthuthuzela ukunxiba, ubunzima kunye nokuhamba

Abasebenzi banokufuna ukunxiba i-SCBA ixesha elide, ngoko ke intuthuzelo kunye nobunzima bemaski bubaluleke kakhulu. Ukukhetha inkqubo yokuxhasa umva kunye noyilo lwe-ergonomic kunokusasaza ngokufanelekileyo ubunzima, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kumagxa nasemva. Imaski kufuneka ilingane ubuso ngokusondeleyo, ibe nokusebenza kakuhle kokutywinwa kunye nombono ocacileyo, ukuphepha ukuchaphazela umbono wokusebenza. Ngelo xesha, i-SCBA ekhaphukhaphu inokuphucula ukuhamba kwabasebenzi, okufanelekileyo kwiimeko zokusebenza ezifuna ukunyakaza rhoqo, njengokuhlangula umlilo kunye nokudilizwa kwesakhiwo.

Ukuqinisekiswa kokuthotyelwa

Kuyimfuneko ukuba kukhethwe i-SCBA engqinwe liziko eligunyazisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko efanelekileyo. Isiqinisekiso esixhaphakileyo esamkelwa kumazwe ngamazwe sisiqinisekiso esisemgangathweni seNFPA 1981. Iimveliso eziqinisekisiweyo kuphela ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ezinokuqinisekisa isiphumo sokhuseleko kwaye zincede amashishini aphephe imingcipheko esemthethweni. Uluhlu lwethu lonke lwe-SCBA luphumelele isiqinisekiso esigunyazisiweyo esikhankanywe ngasentla, siqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwakho.

Ezinye iimfuno ezenzelwe wena

Ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zendawo yokusebenza, khetha i-SCBA enemisebenzi ehambelanayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiindawo ezinokutsha kunye neziqhushumbisi (ezifana nemigodi kunye nezityalo ze-petrochemical), kufuneka kukhethwe i-alarm ye-alarm exhotyiswe nge-SCBA. Kwiindawo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa (ezifana nemisebenzi yangaphandle kwimimandla ebandayo), i-SCBA enomsebenzi ochasene nobushushu obuphantsi kufuneka ikhethwe. Kwiimeko ezifuna unxibelelwano (ezifana nokuhlangula iqela), i-SCBA ene-interface yonxibelelwano inokukhethwa. I-JIUPAI inokubonelelaiinkonzo ze-SCBA ezenzelwe wena, ukulungelelanisa izicwangciso zokhuseleko olulodwa ngokweemfuno ezithile zamashishini.

Ukuqukumbela

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukwintsimi yempendulo kaxakeka yomlilo, i-petroleum kunye ne-petrochemical industry, imigodi, okanye amanye amashishini asemngciphekweni omkhulu, kufuneka udibanise ukulungelelaniswa okusemgangathweni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-SCBA kulawulo lwakho lokhuseleko lwemihla ngemihla. Ngophando lwayo lwemveliso yobungcali kunye nobuchule bokwenza ngokwezifiso, i-JIUPAI inokukunika i-SCBA ehambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezisombululo ezikhethekileyo zokukhusela, ukuvumela wonke umsebenzi ukuba enze umsebenzi wabo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yokuphefumla, kunye nokomeleza umgca wokukhusela wokukhusela ukuze usebenze ngokuzinzile kweshishini.

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