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I-South-Central Chile Wildfires Izixhobo eziPhezulu zokuCima uMlilo eziSebenzayo

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Kutshanje, kwaqhambuka imililo yasendle egqithileyo kwiindawo ezininzi kumzantsi-mbindi weChile, isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye igubungela imimandla yaseAraucanía, iBío Bío kunye neNublé. Abacimi bomlilo baqalise imisebenzi yokucima umlilo kunye neNkonzo yeHlathi yeSizwe kunye nenkxaso yamazwe ngamazwe. Ekujonganeni nemigca yomlilo entsonkothileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu, izixhobo zokucima umlilo eziphambili zazingundoqo ekucimeni imililo nokugcina abantu bekhuselekile. Indawo yomlilo igqithise, kwaye ubushushu kunye nomsi kubeka uxinzelelo olukhulu kwiinzame zokucima umlilo, kwaye ilungu ngalinye leqela lixhomekekeukusebenza okuphezuluumliloizixhobo ukuphumeza umsebenzi wabo.

Isishwankathelo se Wimililo ngaphakathiSngaphandle-CeChile

Ubungakanani bomlilo kunye nenani lokufa

Ekugqibeleni, imililo yasendle itshise ngaphezu kweehektare ezingama-45,000 zamahlathi, amasimi kunye nemimandla ekufutshane nedolophu, kuquka iihektare ezimalunga nama-20,500 kummandla waseAraucanía, iihektare ezingama-17,800 eBío Bío, neehektare ezingama-6,700 eMaule. Imililo ibangele ukufa kwabantu abangama-21, amakhulu okwenzakala kunye nokufuduswa okungxamisekileyo kwabemi abangama-50,000. Amawaka ezindlu nawo atshatyalalisiwe okanye wonakaliswa yimililo, esasazeka ngokukhawuleza, ebeka umngeni omkhulu kwiinzame zokuhlangula.

Iimeko zemozulu zawenza mandundu umlilo

Ngexesha lomlilo, amaqondo obushushu kulo mmandla ayephezulu ukuya kuma-36-38°C iintsuku ezininzi, kunye nokufuma komoya we-12-15% kuphela. Imimoya evela kumzantsi inokufikelela kwisantya seekhilomitha ezingama-35-40 ngeyure, ikhawulezisa ukusasazeka kwamadangatye. Izityalo eziphantsi kweemeko zesomiso zinomxholo ophantsi kakhulu wamanzi, kwaye amasebe afileyo kunye namaqabunga atsha ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke umgca womlilo ukhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ubunzima bokulwa nomlilo banda kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwesebe lezemozulu, iimeko ezinjalo zemozulu ezimbi zinqabile ngexesha elifanayo kwimbali, ebeka iimfuno eziphezulu ekuthunyelweni kwezixhobo zokulwa nomlilo.

Ukufuduka kunyeeunxunguphalorimpendulo

Njengoko umlilo usondela kwiindawo zokuhlala, urhulumente wasekhaya waqalisa isicwangciso sokufuduka ngokukhawuleza, kwaye abahlali abangaphezu kwama-50,000 bafuduselwa kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo. Iindawo zokuhlala zethutyana zazixhotyiswe ngokutya, izixhobo zonyango kunye nokuthintela umlilo, kwaye abacimi bomlilo kunye namavolontiya banikezela ngenkxaso ye-clock-clock. Iinkqubo zolwazi loluntu zangqamanisa uhlaziyo lomlilo kusetyenziswa unomathotholo, imiyalezo yeselula kunye nemidiya yoluntu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufuduswa koluntu kwangexesha kude nomlilo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala.

Umlilotopography kunye fukukhanyadubunzima

Imililo ubukhulu becala ikwimimandla yeentaba neenduli, eminye yayo engafikelelekiyo kwaye kunzima ukuba izithuthi zokucima umlilo zifikeleleke. Ubushushu bomlilo bufikelele kuma-500°C kwindawo eshushu, kwaye umsi wavala umbono. Amalungu eqela kufuneka aphathe izixhobo zeselula ezilula kunye ne-drones ukuncedisa ekubekeni iliso umlilo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye asebenzise indibaniselwano yeesuti zomlilo, izigcina-ntloko kunye nezixhobo zokuphefumla ukuze zikhusele ukhuseleko lwazo, kwaye zilwe nomlilo phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, umsi omninzi kunye nomhlaba onzima.

UCimo-mlilo olugqwesileyoImpahla kwiMililo yasendle Egqithisileyo

Phezuluti-emperaturefunomsindopukhuselo

Amanye amaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwama-500°C, kunye nempahla yokucima umlilo yobushushu obuphezulu obuxhathisayo bubonelela ngokhuseleko olubalulekileyo kumalungu eqela ngokuwakhusela kwimitha yobushushu. Kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu, abasebenzi banokusebenzisa umpu wamanzi oxinzelelo oluphezulu kwaye bacime umqobo womlilo ixesha elide, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba bahlupheke ngokutshisa okanye ukuphelelwa ubushushu. Kwiindawo zommandla womlilo we-Araucania, abasebenzi abanxibe iisuti zokucima umlilo baye bahlala bekhuselekile iiyure kwiindawo zokutshintshana komsi kunye nokushisa okuphezulu.

Izinto ezithintela umlilo

Isuti yomlilo ye-JIUPAI yenziwe ngezinto ezihlanganisiweyo ezinomaleko-mlilo ezininzi, nokuba iintlantsi okanye amasebe avuthayo kunye namagqabi achukumisa umphezulu, anokuhlala enganyangeki kangangemizuzu emininzi. Ngexesha lokusebenza komlilo, amalungu eqela anokucima imililo kwindawo esondeleyo okanye enze imisebenzi yokuthintela ukucoca ngaphandle kokulimala. Ubukho beempahla ezivuthayo zomlilo zinciphisa iingozi kwaye ziphucula ukhuseleko lwengqondo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamalungu eqela lokucima umlilo.

Ukuthuthuzela kunye nokuba bhetyebhetye

Impahla yanamhlanje yokucima umlilo iyakhusela ngelixa igxininisa kuyilo olulula kunye nokuphefumula. Umaleko ophefumlayo unceda ukubila kwaye ukhuphe ubushushu, unciphise ukudinwa okubangelwa bubushushu bomzimba obuphezulu. Iqela linokugcina isenzo esiguquguqukayo, ukunyakaza okukhawulezayo kunye nokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha leeyure eziliqela zokulwa nomlilo okuqhubekayo, ngokukodwa kwindawo yomlilo esezintabeni kunye neenduli, ukuyila okulula kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izixhobo eziPhezulu zokuZiphefumla (SCBA) zabacimi bomlilo

Inkqubo yokuphefumla yomoya

Indawo yomlilo izaliswe ngumsi, iigesi ezinobuthi kunye neengqungquthela ezincinci, i-air-effective air respirator ukubonelela umoya ococekileyo kwiqela lokunciphisa umonakalo wenkqubo yokuphefumula. Xa ulwa nomlilo ixesha elide, izixhobo zisekela ukunikezelwa komoya okuqhubekayo ukwenzela ukuba amalungu eqela akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokucima umlilo ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo egqunywe ngumsi ngelixa egcina iqondo eliphezulu lokulumkisa kunye nokuchaneka kokusebenza.

Kaninzi-lhayifukugqumambuza

Inkqubo yokucoca i-multi-layer ye-mask yegesi inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo umsi kunye neegesi ezinobungozi kunye nokunciphisa ukucaphuka kwendlela yokuphefumula. Imaski isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye neesuti zokucima umlilo ngexesha lokusebenza ixesha elide ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kobushushu entloko nasebusweni kunye nokuphucula intuthuzelo yokusebenza. Kwiindawo zommandla womlilo weBío Bío, imaski ikhusela ngokufanelekileyo indlela yokuphefumla njengoko abasebenzi behamba phakathi kwemigca yomlilo, beqinisekisa ukucima umlilo okuqhubekayo.

Lqhubeka ixesha imisebenzi inkxaso

Isixhobo sokuphefumla se-JIUPAI senzelwe ukudibanisa intuthuzelo kunye noluhlu lweeyure zokusebenza eziqhubekayo. Iisilinda eziphezulu kunye neentambo ezikhululekile zenzelwe ukunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kokutshintshwa, ukwenzela ukuba amalungu eqela anokunciphisa ikhefu kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komlilo ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhubekayo kumgca womlilo.

IiHelmethi zoMlilo woMlilo oSebenza ngokuPhezulu kuKhuseleko loMlilo wasendle

Phezuluti-emperaturepukhuselodesign

Isigqoko somlilo senziwe ngezinto ezihlanganisiweyo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, obukwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu bemitha yendawo yomlilo kunye nefuthe lenkunkuma evuthayo. Xa ubushushu bendawo yomlilo bungaphezu kwama-300°C, i-helmet inika ukhuseleko oluzinzileyo kwintloko yamalungu eqela kwaye iqinisekisa ukunxiba ngokukhululekileyo ixesha elide. Kwezinye iindawo ezishushu eAraucania, isigcina-ntloko sasikhusela abasebenzi kubushushu nakwiintlantsi ezibhabhayo.

Impembelelorukungakhathali

Amasebe awileyo, inkunkuma yokwakha endiza, okanye izixhobo zinokubetha entloko ngexesha lomlilo. Izigcina-ntloko zomlilo zanamhlanje zinempembelelo engqindilili yomaleko wokuphucula ukuxhathisa impembelelo. Isigqoko sithintela ngokufanelekileyo ukulimala kwempembelelo yengozi xa amalungu eqela ecoca indawo yokwahlula umlilo okanye engena kwindawo eshushu, enika ukhuseleko kwimisebenzi yokulwa nomlilo.

Intuthuzelo kunyefyona

Izigcina-ntloko zomlilo ze-JIUPAI zineentambo eziphefumlayo kunye neentambo ezilungelelanisiweyo ngaphakathi ukuzigcina zikhululekile ixesha elide lokunxiba. Uyilo oluphefumlayo lunciphisa ukugcwala kunye nokudinwa, kwaye luphucula ukugxila kweqela phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nendawo exineneyo yomsi.

Umyalelo kunye neZixhobo zoNxibelelwano

Okwenyani-tmnasukubeka ilisosinkqubo

Amaziko omyalelo abeke esweni utshintsho kwimeko yomlilo ngokusebenzisa iisathelayithi, iidrone, kunye nemifanekiso eshushu ukuze ufumane umfanekiso wexesha lokwenyani lokuba ukukhawuleza kangakanani kwaye kweliphi icala umgca womlilo usanda. Idatha echanekileyo yenza ukucwangciswa kwabasebenzi kunye nenkxaso yomoya ngakumbi kwisayensi, kunciphisa ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lomlilo ngexesha elifanayo.

Ukuhanjiswa kunyedukuchanekasinkxaso

Umyalelo wanamhlanje kunye nenkqubo yokulawula idibanisa idatha yomlilo, utshintsho lwemozulu kunye neendawo zabasebenzi ukwenzela ukuba kwenziwe izigqibo zenzululwazi. Inkqubo ivumela uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezileyo lwesicwangciso sokusebenza, ikhulisa ulwabiwo lwezibonelelo, iphucula isantya sokulwa nomlilo, inciphisa umngcipheko weengozi, kwaye iqinisekisa imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo yokulwa nomlilo.

Unxibelelwanoeizixhoboguyarante

Umhlaba oyinkimbinkimbi kunye nomsi emlilweni uya kuphazamisa unxibelelwano, izixhobo zonxibelelwano ezingenazintambo eziphezulu ziqinisekisa ukuba amalungu eqela ahlala edibanisa neziko lomyalelo. Nakwiintlambo ezikude okanye imililo yamahlathi ashinyeneyo, amalungu eqela anokufumana imiyalelo yexesha langempela kunye nengxelo kwindawo yesehlakalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulungelelwaniso nokhuseleko lomlilo.

EizixhoboMukulungiswa kunyeTimvula

Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zomlilo

Ukugcinwa kwenzululwazi kwezixhobo zokucima umlilo kungundoqo ekusebenzeni nasekukhuseleni. Emva kokulwa nomlilo, iisuti zomlilo, izixhobo zokuphefumla kunye nezigcina-ntloko kufuneka zicocwe, zomiswe kwaye zihlolwe ukumelana nobushushu. Ukugcinwa okufanelekileyo kunokwandisa ubomi bezixhobo, kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko kumsebenzi olandelayo wokucima umlilo, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weengozi zendawo yomlilo.

ImiSebenzi yoQeqesho oluSebenzayo

Abacimi bomlilo baziqhelanisa nokusebenza kwezixhobo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ngokuzilolonga ezilinganisa iimeko zomlilo, kubandakanywa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, umsi oshinyeneyo, umhlaba onzima kunye notshintsho kwicala lomoya. Uqeqesho lunokuphucula ubuchule bamalungu eqela ekusetyenzisweni okudibeneyo kweesuti zomlilo, izixhobo zokuphefumla kunye nezigcina-ntloko, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lomlilo.

Itekhnoloji kunye noHlaziyo lweZixhobo

Ukuqaliswa ngokuqhubekayo kwezixhobo ezitsha ze-flame retardant, iinkqubo zokuphefumla ezilula kunye nezixhobo zokubeka iliso ezihlakaniphile zenza ukuba umkhosi wokulwa nomlilo uqhubeke nokuphucula izixhobo zayo. Ubuchule bobugcisa bunokuphucula isakhono sokukhusela, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nesakhono sokuthatha isigqibo samalungu eqela kwindawo, ukuze sikwazi ukumelana nemingeni yemililo emikhulu kwixesha elizayo nokukhusela ukhuseleko lwabantu kunye nepropathi.

Ukuqukumbela

Imililo yasendle kumzantsi-mbindi weChile igxininisa indima ebalulekileyo yezixhobo zokucima umlilo eziphambili. Iisuti zokulwa nokushisa kobushushu obuphezulu, izixhobo zokuphefumula eziphezulu, ii-helmets ezomeleleyo zokucima umlilo, kunye nomyalelo ohlakaniphile kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano zibonelela ngokukhusela abacimi-mlilo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komlilo.

Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuphuculwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza, ukuqeqeshwa koqeqesho kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zeteknoloji, sinokuphucula ngakumbi amandla ethu okucima umlilo, ukuphendula kwimililo emikhulu, ukukhusela ubomi kunye neepropati zabahlali, kunye nokukhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso lwezixhobo zokucima umlilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo.

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