5 yam los txiav txim siab thaum xaiv cov khaub ncaws tua hluav taws
Nyob rau ib puag ncig txaus ntshai qhov twg nplaim taws thiab cov pa taws yog intertwined, cov neeg tua hluav taws tau ua haujlwm nrog txuag lub neej thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom. TusCov Khaub Ncaws Hluav Taws Xob Cov Khaub NcawsLawv hnav yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kev hem thawj xws li cua sov, nplaim taws thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Yog li ntawd, xaiv txoj cai hnav khaub ncaws rau cov neeg tua hluav taws yog qhov tseem ceeb, thiab tsib yam tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau hais lus.
Piv rau sms thiab mpf cov ntaub ntawv, dupont™Tyvek® Fabrics muaj kev sib tw ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws, ua kom ruaj khov, kev nplij siab thiab kev paug kev tswj. Tawm tsam hais thiab cov neeg sawv cev sib kis, Tyvek® tsim ib lub breathable barier uas ua rau cov tua hluav taws muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Tus nqi nkag siab yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb thaum ntsuas kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws thiab cov tshuaj lom. Tus nqi ntawm kev nkag ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv ua kua rau hauv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kev sib txawv, yog li cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm.
Cov ntawv no suav nrog lub sijhawm ua kom muaj tseeb (BT Act), uas yog lub sijhawm nws yuav siv rau thawj Molecule kom nkag mus rau cov ntaub; BT 1.0, uas yog lub sijhawm nws yuav siv sij hawm kom ua tiav qhov kev nkag siab ntawm 1 mg / cm² / min, raws li European cov qauv; Lub xeev qhov kev ua kom ruaj khov (SSPR); thiab tsawg kawg kuaj pom kev ua kom muaj nuj nqis (MDPR). (SSPR); Yam tsawg kawg nkaus kuaj pom kev ua kom tus nqi sib npaug (MDPR) thiab lwm yam tsis muaj zog los muab cov qauv rau kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv.
Thaum tsim cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv khaub ncaws, lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj yuav tsum tau nrhiav ntawm kev nplij siab thiab kev tiv thaiv. Txo cov kev ntxhov siab thaum tshav kub yog tus yuam sij txhawm rau txhim kho kev nplij siab. Piv txwv li, kom cov qauv tsim uas ua rau tawm hws kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsis xis nyob ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws hauv qhov chaw kub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom tsim kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb, ua cov ris tsho uas muaj zog dhau los lossis nruj zog tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nplij siab thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv.
Raws li cov neeg tua hluav taws yuav tsum nqa cov cuab yeej ntau thiab ntau dua, txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv tau dhau los ua tus qauv. Kev siv lub teeb yuag, cov hmoov zoo zoo tsis yog ua kom cov firefighters kom txav mus los sai thiab ua haujlwm tau lawv txoj haujlwm.
Cov khaub ncaws zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub feem ntau muaj cov qauv txheej ntau, nrog rau cov dej noo, nrog rau hauv ob sab phling thiab lub plhaub. Ya raws li barrogrier tuaj yeem thaiv cov kev nkag mus thiab ua kua tshuaj; Thermal ob sab phlu tuaj yeem thaiv cov cua sov hloov; Plhaub yog ncaj qha tawm tsam cov nplaim taws thiab qhov kub thiab txias, txheej ua haujlwm ua ke los tiv thaiv cov hluav taws hauv txhua txoj kev.
Cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv cua sov, convective thaum tshav kub thiab sab nraud nplaim sib cuag. Radiant tshav kub yuav hloov cua sov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm thermal hluav taws xob, convective cua sov los ntawm huab cua lossis cov nplaim hluav taws xob nrog kev phom sij ncaj qha yog qhov kev phom sij tshaj plaws. Kev siv cov khoom siv kub-zoo-resistant cov ntaub ntawv, xws li Nomex lossis Kevlar, tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ris tsho tiv thaiv hauv cov chaw no. Nomex, piv txwv li, muab cov tua hluav taws, muab cov hluav taws kub ua kom tau zoo los ntawm nws cov cua kub ua tau zoo, nplaim taws thiab cov peev xwm yuav nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kub.
Ua ntej xaiv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv hluav taws, kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo yog qhov tsim nyog. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, cov hom kev phom sij tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev phom sij tuaj yeem nkag tau meej, thiaj li yuav xaiv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kom ntseeg tau.
Lub zog ntawm cov khaub ncaws yog tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los ntawm tensile, kua muag thiab seam kev ntsuam xyuas, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kom tsis taus thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj. Cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv nrog cov siab ntev tuaj yeem tswj nws txoj kev ncaj ncees thiab txuas ntxiv ua nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntev thiab cov chaw coob coob.
Cov qauv thiab zaus ntxhua khaub ncaws tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev rau ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab tus nqi siv. Kev ntxuav tsis huv yuav ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab txo nws lub neej pabcuam. Yog li ntawd, kev ntxuav tu thiab txij nkawm yuav tsum tau ua raws li kom ntseeg tau tias cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv uas nyob rau hauv kev mob siab.
MAterials
Ctxhais ua npaujPlub ntsiabCtxoj kev ua siMAterials
- Spunbond Meltblown Spunbond (SMS) Npuag: Qhov no yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke, ua rau cov txheej txheem spunbond, nrog kev lim dej zoo, nrog qee cov khoom tiv thaiv zoo.
- .Maum duab zaj duab xis (MPF): kuj yog tus qauv uas tsis zoo ua rau nws muaj cov kua thiab cov khoom siv.
- TYVEK®: Nonwoven Fabrics ua los ntawm ultrafine txuas ntxiv flash polyethylene fibers, uas, ua tsaug rau cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb, muab cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb, muaj cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv thaj chaw.
Piv ntawmMtxoj kev npau suavPkev kub siab
Piv rau sms thiab mpf cov ntaub ntawv, dupont™Tyvek® Fabrics muaj kev sib tw ntawm kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws, ua kom ruaj khov, kev nplij siab thiab kev paug kev tswj. Tawm tsam hais thiab cov neeg sawv cev sib kis, Tyvek® tsim ib lub breathable barier uas ua rau cov tua hluav taws muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Tus nqi nkag siab yog qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb thaum ntsuas kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov khaub ncaws thiab cov tshuaj lom. Tus nqi ntawm kev nkag ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv ua kua rau hauv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kev sib txawv, yog li cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom yog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm.Cov ntawv no suav nrog lub sijhawm ua kom muaj tseeb (BT Act), uas yog lub sijhawm nws yuav siv rau thawj Molecule kom nkag mus rau cov ntaub; BT 1.0, uas yog lub sijhawm nws yuav siv sij hawm kom ua tiav qhov kev nkag siab ntawm 1 mg / cm² / min, raws li European cov qauv; Lub xeev qhov kev ua kom ruaj khov (SSPR); thiab tsawg kawg kuaj pom kev ua kom muaj nuj nqis (MDPR). (SSPR); Yam tsawg kawg nkaus kuaj pom kev ua kom tus nqi sib npaug (MDPR) thiab lwm yam tsis muaj zog los muab cov qauv rau kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv.
Nplij siab
TusKuvKev Ntsuas NtawmCliab qab
Ntxim nyiam cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv cov neeg tua hluav taws kom ua haujlwm ntev ntev yam tsis muaj kev tsis xis nyob thiab tsis txwv kev txav. Yog tias cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv tsis xis nyob, nws yuav cuam tshuam cov chaw tua hluav taws, cuam tshuam kev cawm seej, thiab txawm tias muaj kev nyab xeeb rau lub neej.
Kev sib npaugCOmfort thiabPkev npluas
Thaum tsim cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv khaub ncaws, lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj yuav tsum tau nrhiav ntawm kev nplij siab thiab kev tiv thaiv. Txo cov kev ntxhov siab thaum tshav kub yog tus yuam sij txhawm rau txhim kho kev nplij siab. Piv txwv li, kom cov qauv tsim uas ua rau tawm hws kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsis xis nyob ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws hauv qhov chaw kub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom tsim kom zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb, ua cov ris tsho uas muaj zog dhau los lossis nruj zog tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nplij siab thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thaum muaj kev tiv thaiv.
Lub teeb yuagDtus esign
Raws li cov neeg tua hluav taws yuav tsum nqa cov cuab yeej ntau thiab ntau dua, txo qhov hnyav ntawm cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv tau dhau los ua tus qauv. Kev siv lub teeb yuag, cov hmoov zoo zoo tsis yog ua kom cov firefighters kom txav mus los sai thiab ua haujlwm tau lawv txoj haujlwm.
ThermalPkev siv tshuaj thiabHnojRhais lus
TnwsNEED rauTpab phemPkev npluas
Cov neeg tua hluav taws ua ntsej muag ua kom lub ntsej muag sov thiab cov nplaim hluav taws thiab thermal tiv thaiv yog cov tseem ceeb ua haujlwm ntawm cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv. Ntawm qhov chaw tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws, cov nplaim taws kub thiab cov nplaim taws ntau tuaj yeem ua rau cov khaub ncaws tua hluav taws thaum twg los tau, yog li tiv thaiv khaub ncaws yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv no.
Ntau TxheejPlub ntsiabStus tsuj
Cov khaub ncaws zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws kub feem ntau muaj cov qauv txheej ntau, nrog rau cov dej noo, nrog rau hauv ob sab phling thiab lub plhaub. Ya raws li barrogrier tuaj yeem thaiv cov kev nkag mus thiab ua kua tshuaj; Thermal ob sab phlu tuaj yeem thaiv cov cua sov hloov; Plhaub yog ncaj qha tawm tsam cov nplaim taws thiab qhov kub thiab txias, txheej ua haujlwm ua ke los tiv thaiv cov hluav taws hauv txhua txoj kev.
Kuj musDtxawm hais tiasForms ntawmHnoj
Cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv cua sov, convective thaum tshav kub thiab sab nraud nplaim sib cuag. Radiant tshav kub yuav hloov cua sov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm thermal hluav taws xob, convective cua sov los ntawm huab cua lossis cov nplaim hluav taws xob nrog kev phom sij ncaj qha yog qhov kev phom sij tshaj plaws. Kev siv cov khoom siv kub-zoo-resistant cov ntaub ntawv, xws li Nomex lossis Kevlar, tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ris tsho tiv thaiv hauv cov chaw no. Nomex, piv txwv li, muab cov tua hluav taws, muab cov hluav taws kub ua kom tau zoo los ntawm nws cov cua kub ua tau zoo, nplaim taws thiab cov peev xwm yuav nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kub.
Daim Ntawv Thov Kev Pab Cuam
Qhov sib txawv ntawmNEEDs ntawmDtxawm hais tiasFtsis sib luagIbcevities
Cov neeg tua hluav taws tau muab ntau qhov kev piav qhia, thiab cov xwm txheej sib txawv nyias muaj nyias qhov yuav tsum muaj rau cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv.- Lub tsev tua hluav taws: hauv cov qauv zoo li no, xws li EN469: 2020 (Qib 2), AS4967: 2019 lossis NFPA 1971: 2018. Cov ris tsho yuav tsum tau tsim nrog txheej txheej txheej sab nraud, cov txheej txheem noo noo tawm tsam cov kev tiv thaiv kom tag nrho cov kev hem thawj ntawm hluav taws.
- Kev tshawb nrhiav hauv nroog thiab kev cawm dim: feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev ua kom muaj kev cawmdim chaw, cov khaub ncaws uas yuav tsum tau txais ib txheej sib yuav. Cov qauv siv no tsis tsuas yog ua kom cov neeg tua hluav taws tuaj yeem ua cov kab mob sib txawv, tab sis kuj tseem ua rau cov kab mob sib txawv, tab sis kua ntshav thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo kis mob.
- Wildland Firefighting: Vim yog qhov chaw qhuav thiab hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntev, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov nplaim hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab sov thiab txhim kho kev nplij siab sov.
TusKey lub luag haujlwm ntawmRtus npuaIbsSeeslment
Ua ntej xaiv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv hluav taws, kev ntsuas kev pheej hmoo yog qhov tsim nyog. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas, cov hom kev phom sij tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev phom sij tuaj yeem nkag tau meej, thiaj li yuav xaiv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kom ntseeg tau.Kev xyuas ximSTandards thiabDyam tuag
Piav qhia ntawm Kuvtus pej xeem SaftetyStus nyob
- NFPA 1971: Raws li tus qauv tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws kub, nws yuav tsum ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, kev siv hluav taws xob thiab kev sib ze tua hluav taws. Cov cuab yeej siv uas tau raws li cov qauv no muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov neeg tua hluav taws, xws li xav tau cov khoom siv kub thiab hluav taws kub tsis kam tiv thaiv; Ntau txheej txheej tiv thaiv; Thiab kev siv cov kab txaij uas cuam tshuam thiab ci xim los txhim kho cov pa taws tua hluav taws hauv cov pa taws thiab kev tsaus ntuj.
- NFPA 1851: Tus qauv no tsom rau kev xaiv, saib xyuas thiab tu cov khoom siv hluav taws. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas ib txwm, ua kom huv si, thiab txhais tau tias cov khoom siv tas li ua tau zoo, txuas ntxiv lub neej pabcuam kev nyab xeeb.
- NFPA 1500: Tsim kom muaj rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv, kev cob qhia thiab chaw ua haujlwm kom muaj kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Xyuas kom meej tias cov neeg tua hluav taws tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej tsim nyog thiab tau txais kev qhia tshwj xeeb los txhim kho tag nrho cov kev nyab xeeb tag nrho.
Yam ruaj khovIbsSeeslmentKuvndicators
Lub zog ntawm cov khaub ncaws yog tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los ntawm tensile, kua muag thiab seam kev ntsuam xyuas, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kom tsis taus thiab muaj kev puas tsuaj. Cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv nrog cov siab ntev tuaj yeem tswj nws txoj kev ncaj ncees thiab txuas ntxiv ua nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntev thiab cov chaw coob coob.
Khaub Ncaws Ntaus Thiab Txij Nkawm Kev Nqis
Cov qauv thiab zaus ntxhua khaub ncaws tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev rau ntawm kev ua yeeb yam thiab tus nqi siv. Kev ntxuav tsis huv yuav ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab txo nws lub neej pabcuam. Yog li ntawd, kev ntxuav tu thiab txij nkawm yuav tsum tau ua raws li kom ntseeg tau tias cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv uas nyob rau hauv kev mob siab.Tag
Thaum xaiv cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv rau cov neeg tua hluav taws, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev nplij siab, kev nplij siab, kev nplij siab nrog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv uas muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab xis nyob. Qhov no tsis yog lub luag haujlwm rau lub neej thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws, tab sis kuj tseem yuav ua tau zoo nyob hauv cov haujlwm cawm siav, saib xyuas lub neej thiab cov khoom ntawm ntau tus neeg.
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